Table 1.
Study sample and characteristics of users and nonusers of the COVID-19 contact tracing app Coronalert in Belgium.
| Characteristic | Total sample (N=1850) | Users of Coronalert (n=649)a | Nonusers of Coronalert (n=1201)a | Chi-square (df) | t test (df) | P value | ||||
| Participants, n (%) | 1850 (100) | 649 (35.1) | 1201 (64.9) | N/Ab | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||||||
|
|
Male | 917 (49.6) | 317 (34.6) | 600 (65.4) | 0.2 (1) | N/A | .65c | |||
|
|
Female | 933 (50.4) | 322 (35.6) | 601 (64.4) |
|
|
|
|||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 45.29 (14.42) | 45.24 (14.68) | 45.32 (14.28) | N/A | 0.115 (1848) | .47 | ||||
| Education level, n (%) | ||||||||||
|
|
Lower secondary education | 392 (21.2) | 135 (34.4) | 257 (65.5) | 0.3 (2) | N/A | .87 | |||
|
|
Higher secondary education | 726 (39.2) | 252 (34.7) | 474 (65.3) |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Higher education | 732 (39.6) | 262 (35.8) | 470 (64.2) |
|
|
|
|||
| Type of employment, n (%) | ||||||||||
|
|
Worker | 439 (23.7) | 154 (35.1) | 285 (64.9) | 0.9 (3) | N/A | .84 | |||
|
|
White-collar worker, civil servant, or executive | 1120 (60.5) | 396 (35.4) | 724 (64.6) |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Self-employed or liberal profession | 248 (13.4) | 82 (33.1) | 166 (66.9) |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Flexi-jobd | 43 (2.3) | 17 (39.5) | 26 (60.5) |
|
|
|
|||
| Health riskse, n (%) | ||||||||||
|
|
Yes | 694 (37.5) | 259 (37.3) | 435 (62.7) | 3.8 (2) | N/A | .15 | |||
|
|
No | 1006 (54.4) | 333 (33.1) | 673 (66.9) |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
I don’t know | 150 (8.1) | 57 (38.0) | 93 (62.0) |
|
|
|
|||
aPercentages are based on the total values in the “Total sample” column.
bN/A: not applicable; this statistic was not calculated for this item; the t test was used for the age variable and the chi-square test was used for all other variables.
cStatistics for a set of variables are reported on the top line of that group.
dFlexi-job is a specific employment status where people can work additional hours (in the hospitality industry) on favorable terms, even when already retired or employed elsewhere.
eParticipants with health risks suffer from one or more diseases that can be a risk factor when positive for COVID-19.