Table 3.
Attitudes toward the potential impact of the COVID-19 contact tracing app Coronalert in Belgium.
| Questions and responses | Total sample (N=1850) | Nonusers of Coronalert (n=1201) | Users of Coronalert (n=649) | t test (df) | P value | Cohen d | ||||||||
| By using Coronalert, one collaborates in diminishing the spread of the coronavirus | ||||||||||||||
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Response score, mean (SD)a | N/Ab | 3.03 (1.14) | 3.86 (1.01) | –15.37 (1848)c | <.001c | 0.76c | |||||||
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Response, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Not agree | 175 (9.5) | 159 (13.2) | 16 (2.5) |
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Rather disagree | 211 (11.4) | 161 (13.4) | 50 (7.7) |
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Not agree/not disagree | 626 (33.8) | 488 (40.6) | 138 (21.3) |
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Rather agree | 520 (28.1) | 267 (22.2) | 253 (39.0) |
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Agree | 318 (17.2) | 126 (10.5) | 192 (29.6) |
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| By using Coronalert, one is more wary when having face-to-face contacts | ||||||||||||||
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Response score, mean (SD) | N/A | 3.02 (1.15) | 3.10 (1.14) | –1.520 (1848) | .13 | 0.07 | |||||||
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Response, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Not agree | 247 (13.4) | 171 (14.2) | 76 (11.7) |
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Rather disagree | 253 (13.7) | 156 (13.0) | 97 (14.9) |
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Not agree/not disagree | 694 (37.5) | 466 (38.8) | 228 (35.1) |
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Rather agree | 476 (25.7) | 296 (24.6) | 180 (27.7) |
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Agree | 180 (9.7) | 112 (9.3) | 68 (10.5) |
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| By using Coronalert, users know rapidly when they have been in contact with someone who is infected with the coronavirus | ||||||||||||||
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Response score, mean (SD) | N/A | 3.47 (1.12) | 3.61 (1.08) | –2.551 (1848) | .01 | 0.13 | |||||||
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Response, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Not agree | 157 (8.5) | 116 (9.7) | 41 (6.3) |
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Rather disagree | 135 (7.3) | 79 (6.6) | 56 (8.6) |
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Not agree/not disagree | 449 (24.3) | 305 (25.4) | 144 (22.2) |
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Rather agree | 811 (43.8) | 527 (43.9) | 284 (43.8) |
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Agree | 298 (16.1) | 174 (14.5) | 124 (19.1) |
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| By using Coronalert, one will take more precautionary measures not to spread the coronavirus | ||||||||||||||
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Response score, mean (SD) | N/A | 2.82 (1.22) | 3.19 (1.15) | –6.396 (1848) | <.001 | 0.31 | |||||||
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Response, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Not agree | 288 (15.6) | 233 (19.4) | 55 (8.5) |
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Rather disagree | 346 (18.7) | 213 (17.7) | 133 (20.5) |
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Not agree/not disagree | 581 (31.4) | 403 (33.6) | 178 (27.4) |
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Rather agree | 447 (24.2) | 246 (20.5) | 201 (31.0) |
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Agree | 188 (10.2) | 106 (8.8) | 82 (12.6) |
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| By using Coronalert, one helps the government in its fight against the coronavirus | ||||||||||||||
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Response score, mean (SD) | N/A | 3.12 (1.16) | 4.09 (0.83) | –20.810 (1716) | <.001 | 0.92 | |||||||
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Response, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Not agree | 150 (8.1) | 150 (12.5) | 0 (0) |
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Rather disagree | 181 (9.8) | 143 (11.9) | 38 (5.9) |
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Not agree/not disagree | 560 (30.3) | 479 (39.9) | 81 (12.5) |
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Rather agree | 592 (32.0) | 275 (22.9) | 317 (48.8) |
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Agree | 367 (19.8) | 154 (12.8) | 213 (32.8) |
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| Coronalert detects contacts with persons who are infected with the coronavirus, respecting the privacy of the app users | ||||||||||||||
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Response score, mean (SD) | N/A | 3.51 (1.17) | 3.71 (1.15) | –3.618 (1848) | <.001 | 0.17 | |||||||
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Response, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Not agree | 166 (9.0) | 117 (9.7) | 49 (7.6) |
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Rather disagree | 64 (3.5) | 46 (3.8) | 18 (2.8) |
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Not agree/not disagree | 615 (33.2) | 417 (34.7) | 198 (30.5) |
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Rather agree | 545 (29.5) | 354 (29.5) | 191 (29.4) |
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Agree | 460 (24.9) | 267 (22.2) | 193 (29.7) |
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| Coronalert is quicker than contact tracing by phone, to check the contacts of people who are infected with the coronavirus | ||||||||||||||
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Response score, mean (SD) | N/A | 3.28 (1.09) | 4.06 (0.85) | –16.985 (1624) | <.001 | 0.78 | |||||||
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Response, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Not agree | 115 (6.2) | 115 (9.6) | 0 (0) |
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Rather disagree | 103 (5.6) | 80 (6.7) | 23 (3.5) |
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Not agree/not disagree | 666 (36.0) | 521 (43.4) | 145 (22.3) |
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Rather agree | 573 (31.0) | 321 (26.7) | 252 (38.8) |
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Agree | 393 (21.2) | 164 (13.7) | 229 (35.3) |
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| Using Coronalert helps to prevent loved ones from being infected with the coronavirus | ||||||||||||||
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Response score, mean (SD) | N/A | 3.33 (1.23) | 3.41 (1.22) | –1.307 (1848) | .19 | 0.07 | |||||||
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Response, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Not agree | 214 (11.6) | 146 (12.2) | 68 (10.5) |
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Rather disagree | 173 (9.4) | 108 (9.0) | 65 (10.0) |
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Not agree/not disagree | 558 (30.2) | 377 (31.4) | 181 (27.9) |
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Rather agree | 539 (29.1) | 338 (28.1) | 201 (31.0) |
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Agree | 366 (19.8) | 232 (19.3) | 134 (20.6) |
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aMean scores were calculated for nonusers and users of the app separately.
bN/A: not applicable; mean scores were not calculated for the entire sample.
cThis value was calculated using the mean scores for users and nonusers of the app and not the frequencies of individual responses.