Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Region | Language | Original reported groups | Combined groups† | Sample size‡ | Case groups | Control groups | Collected parameters | Quality score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | Male [n (%)] | Age (y) | Male [n (%)] | Immunological | Hematological | Inflammatory | Coagulation | Biochemical | |||||||
| Chen 2020 | Chongqing, China | Chinese | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/ Non severe | 143 (36/107) | 51 | 20 (55.6) | 43 | 52 (48.6) | IL-6 | WBC, Lym, PLT | PCT, CRP | D-dimer | LDH, CK | 8 |
| Li 2020 | Wuhan, China | Chinese | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 62 (44/18) | 55 | 25 (56.8) | 50 | 7 (38.9) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab), IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG, C3, C4 | WBC, Neu, Lym, PLT | PCT,CRP | APTT, PT | LDH | 8 |
| Ling 2020 | Shanghai, China | Chinese | Severe/ Non severe | Severe/ Non severe | 292 (21/271) | 66 | 19 (90.5) | 49 | 135 (49.8) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab) | WBC, Neu, Lym | ESR,PCT, CRP | D-dimer, FIB | LDH, CK, cTnI, AST, ALT, CRN | 9 |
| Lu 2020 | Wuhan, China | Chinese | Severe/ Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 101 (34/67) | 61 | 17 (50) | 41 | 17 (25.4) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), B(ab), NK(ab), IgA, IgM, IgG, C3, C4 | WBC, Neu, Lym, PLT | CRP | NA | LDH, ALT, AST, CRN, BUN | 7 |
| Xiang 2020 | Jiangxi, China | Chinese | Severe/ Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 49(9/40) | 53 | 8 (88.9) | 41 | 25 (62.5) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), B(ab), NK(ab) | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, Mono, PLT, HB | PCT, ESR, CRP, SAA | APTT, PT, D-dimer, FIB | LDH, TBIL, ALB, AST, ALT, CRN, CK | 8 |
| Xu 2020 | Hefei,China | Chinese | Severe/ Moderate | Severe/ Non severe | 155 (30/125) | 51 | 20 (66.7) | 40 | 67 (53.6) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, IL-6 | NA | CRP, SAA | APTT | NA | 8 |
| Yang 2020 | Beijing, China | Chinese | Death/ Survival | Non survivors/ Survivors | 94 (13/81) | 77 | 8 (61.5) | 66 | 37 (45.7) | IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym | Ferritin | NA | CRN, cTnI | 9 |
| Altschul 2020 | New York, America | English | Died/ Discharged | Non survivors/ Survivors | 2354 (621/ 1733) | 73 | 327 (52.7) | 63 | 771 (44.5) | IL-6 | WBC, Lym, PLT | PCT, CRP, Ferritin | D-dimer | AST, ALT, CRN, BUN, cTnI | 9 |
| Asghar 2021 | Karachi, Pakistan | English | A. ICU/ Ward B. Deceased/Recovered + Home isolation | A. Severe/Non severe B. Non survivors/ Survivors | A. 191 (61/130) B. 191 (44/147) | 53 | NA | NA | NA | NA | LMR, NLR, PLR, HB, PLT | PCT, CRP, Ferritin | NA | LDH | 7 |
| Awano 2020 | Tokyo, Japan | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 54(21/33) | 66 | 15 (71.4) | 41 | 23 (69.7) | NA | WBC, Lym, Eos | PCT, Ferritin | D-dimer | LDH | 8 |
| Cai 2020 | Shenzhen,China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/ Non severe | 298 (58/240) | 61 | 39 (67.2) | 43 | 106 (44.2) | IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos | PCT, ESR, CRP | D-dimer | AST, ALT, CK, BUN, CRN, LDH, TBIL, MYO | 9 |
| Cao 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/ Non severe | 244 (153/91) | 64 | 89 (58.2) | 60 | 44 (48.4) | CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab) | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | PCT, CRP | NA | cTnI, AST, ALT, CRN, CK, LDH, MYO, TBIL | 8 |
| Chen 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Severe/ Moderate | Severe/ Non severe | 21 (11/10) | 61 | 10 (90.9) | 50 | 7 (70.0) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%), B(ab) | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | PCT, CRP, Ferritin | APTT, PT, D-dimer | ALT, AST, BUN, CRN, CK, LDH, TBIL | 8 |
| Chen 2020 | Jiangsu,China | English | Severe or critical/ Mild/ Ordinary | Severe/ Non severe | 598 (31/567) | 61 | 302 (53.3) | 45 | 20 (64.5) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, Mono, PLT, HB | PCT, CRP, ESR | APTT, PT, FIB | AST, ALT, BUN, CRN, LDH, TBIL | 8 |
| Chen 2020 | Wuhan, China | Chinese | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 29 (14/15) | NA | NA | NA | NA | IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | Lym | CRP | NA | LDH | 7 |
| Chen 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | A. Non survivors/ Survivors B. Critical/Severe/Moderate/Mild | A. Non survivors/ Survivors B. Severe/Non severe | A. 575 (103/445); B. 575 (203/345) | A.67 B.61 | A.69 (67.0)B.131 (64.5) | A.54 B.67 | A.244 (54.8)B.182 (52.8) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%), CD4+/CD8+, IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, Mono, Bas, NLR, PLR, PLT, HB | PCT, CRP, Ferritin, SAA | APTT, PT, D-dimer | NA | 8 |
| Chen 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 55 (19/36) | 77 | 16 (84.2) | 72 | 18 (50.0) | IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, PLT | PCT, ESR, CRP | D‐dimer | ALT, AST, ALB, CRN, LDH, CK | 8 |
| Chen 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Dead/Survive | Non survivors/Survivors | 274(113/161) | 69 | 83 (73.0) | 51 | 171 (62.0) | IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IgA, IgG, C3, C4 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, HB, PLT | PCT, ESR, CRP,Ferritin | APTT, PT, D-dimer | ALT, AST, ALB, BUN, CRN, CK, LDH, cTnI, TBIL | 9 |
| Chen 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/ Non severe | 48 (27/21) | 74 | 24 (88.9) | 53 | 13 (61.9) | IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym | PCT | NA | CRN, BUN | 8 |
| Chi 2020 | Nanjing, China | English | Severe/Moderate/Mild | Severe/ Non severe | 66(8/58) | 54 | 5 (63.0) | 42 | 32 (55.2) | IL-1Ra, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α, IFN-r | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8 |
| Ciceri 2020 | Milan, Italy | English | Dead/Discharged | Non survivors/Survivors | 386 (95/291) | 75 | 70 (73.7) | 63 | 207 (71.1) | IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT, NLR | PCT,CRP, Ferritin | D-dimer | LDH, CK, cTnI, AST, CRN, TBIL | 9 |
| Dong 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 147 (53/94) | 58 | 29 (54.7) | 43 | 34 (36.2) | IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP, ESR,SAA | D-dimer, FIB | ALT, AST, BUN, CRN | 8 |
| Du 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Deceased/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 179 (21/158) | 70 | 10 (47.6) | 56 | 87 (55.1) | CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab) | WBC, Neu, Lym | PCT, CRP | APTT, PT, D-dimer | MYO, ALB, TBIL, ALT, AST, CRN, cTnI | 8 |
| Feng 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Poor outcome/Good outcome | Non survivors/Survivors | 114 (20/94) | 69 | 13 (65.0) | 63 | 58 (61.7) | CD4+(%), CD8+(%), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, HB | CRP,Ferritin | APTT, PT, D-dimer, FIB | ALT, AST, BUN, CRN, CK, LDH, cTnI, TBIL | 9 |
| Feng 2020 | China | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 476(124/352) | 59 | 81 (65.3) | 50 | 190 (54.0) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%), TNF-α, IgA, IgM, IgG | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP,PCT, ESR | D-dimer, FIB | TBIL, ALB, MYO, CRN, LDH, CK, BUN | 8 |
| Guo 2020 | Shanghai,China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 200 (19/181) 348(68/280) | 57 | 46 (67.6) | 50 | 157 (56.1) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%), CD4+/CD8+, IL-6, IgA, IgM, IgG | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7 |
| Han 2020 | Anhui, China | English | Severe/Mild | Severe/Non severe | 154 (32/122) | 52 | 23 (71.8) | 40 | 63 (51.6) | CD3+(ab), CD4 + T(ab), CD8 + T(ab), B(ab), NK(ab), IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, PLT, HB | PCT, ESR, CRP, SAA | D-dimer, FIB, PT | ALT, AST, ALB, TBIL, BUN, CRN, CK, LDH | 7 |
| He 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 204 (69/135) | 62 | 37 (53.6) | 42 | 42 (31.1) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab), IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF, IFN-γ, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG, C3, C4 | WBC, Neu, Lym, PLT | PCT, CRP | PT, D-dimer | ALT, AST, CRN, LDH, CK, cTnI | 7 |
| Huang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Dead/Alive | Non survivors/Survivors | 50 (10/40) | 38 | 5 (50.0) | 37 | 18 (45.0) | IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, | Neu, Lym, Eos, Mono | CRP | APTT, PT, D-dimer, FIB | ALT, AST, cTnI, CK, CRN, BUN | 9 |
| Huang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Non survivors/ Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 151 (15/136) | 76 | 13 (86.7) | 59 | 68 (50.0) | IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | WBC, Lym | PCT, CRP | NA | AST, ALT, BUN, CRN, MYO | 7 |
| Hue 2020 | Créteil, France | English | Dead/Alive | Non survivors/Survivors | 38 (13/25) | 68 | NA | 57 | NA | IL-6, IL-10 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 9 |
| Jiang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Non-survivor/Survivor | Non survivors/Survivors | 215 (72/143) | 70 | 36 (50.0) | 66 | 69 (48.3) | CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab) | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, HB, PLT | PCT, CRP | APTT, PT, D-dimer, FIB | ALT, AST, ALB, TBIL, LDH, cTnI, CRN, BUN | 8 |
| Kazancioglu 2020 | Ankara, Turkey | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 120 (35/85) | 60 | 20 (57.1) | 44 | 52 (61.2) | IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, Mono, Bas, HB, PLT | CRP, Ferritin | APTT, PT, D-dimer | ALT, AST, LDH, CK | 7 |
| Lei 2020 | Guangzhou, China | English | Severe & Critical/ Mild & Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 297 (52/245) | 60 | 32 (61.5) | 44 | 111 (45.3) | NA | Lym, Eos | CRP,PCT | NA | TBIL, LDH, ALB | 7 |
| Li 2020 | Shanghai,China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 322 (26/296) | 68 | 20 (76.9) | 49 | 147 (49.8) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab) | WBC, Lym, PLT | PCT, CRP | D-dimer | LDH, AST, ALT, TBIL, BUN, CRN, CK | 7 |
| Li 2020 | Beijing, China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 69 (26/43) | 59 | 14 (53.8) | 40 | 26 (60.5) | CD3+(ab), CD4+T(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, Mono, Bas | PCT, ESR,CRP, Ferritin | FIB, D-dimer | ALB, AST, ALT, LDH | 9 |
| Liao 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 380(231/149) | 67 | 137 (59.3) | 55 | 69 (46) | IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, Mono, Bas, HB, PLT | CRP,Ferritin | APTT, PT, D-dimer, FIB | LDH | 9 |
| Liu 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Severe/Mild | Severe/Non severe | 140 (33/107) | 77 | 25 (75.8) | 61 | 66 (61.7) | IL-6 | NA | PCT, CRP | NA | NA | 9 |
| Liu 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Severe/Mild | Severe/Non severe | 40 (13/27) | 60 | 7 (53.8) | 43 | 8 (29.6) | IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG, C3, C4 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, HB, PLT |
CRP,Ferritin, SAA |
APTT, PT, D-Dimer, FIB | TBIL, ALT, AST, LDH, CK, BUN, CRN | 7 |
| Lu 2020 | Shanghai,China | English | Severe and critical/Mild and moderate | Severe/Non severe | 53(9/44) | 68 | 8 (88.9) | 53 | 26 (59.1) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%), CD4+/CD8+, IgA, IgM, IgG, C3, C4 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, Mono | CRP,ESR | APTT, PT, D-dimer, FIB | ALB, CRN, TBIL, LDH | 8 |
| Luo 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Non survivors/ Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 1018(201/817) | 70 | 133 (66.2) | 56 | 388 (47.5) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8 |
| Lv 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 354(239/115) | 60 | 117 (49.0) | 54 | 58 (50.4) | IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgA, IgM, IgG, C3, C4 | WBC, Neu, Lym | PCT, CRP | D-dimer | BUN, TBIL | 8 |
| Mo 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Refractory/General | Severe/Non severe | 155(85/70) | 61 | 31 (44.3) | 46 | 55 (64.7) | IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, PLT | PCT, ESR, CRP | D-dimer | ALT, AST, ALB, CRN, CK, LDH | 9 |
| Park 2020 | Daegu, South Korea | English | Fatal cases/Survivor | Non survivors/Survivors | 289 (70/219) | 77 | 42 (60.0) | 70 | 91 (41.6) | NA | WBC, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP,PCT, ESR, Ferritin | PT | CK, AST, ALT, TBIL, BUN, CRN, LDH, ALB | 7 |
| Pei 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 333(189/144) | 60 | 115 (60.8) | 51 | 67 (46.5) | IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α | Neu, Lym, Eos, Mono | ESR, CRP | PT, D-dimer | ALT, AST, cTnI,BUN | 9 |
| Qin 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 452(286/ 166) | 60 | 155 (54.2) | 52 | 80 (48.2) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab), IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IgA, IgM, IgG, C3, C4 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, Mono, Bas | PCT, ESR, CRP, Ferritin | NA | NA | 8 |
| Sinha 2020 | Newport and London, UK | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 39 (17/22) | 60 | 14 (82.0) | 52 | 11 (50.0) | IL-6 | WBC, Lym, PLT | CRP,PCT, Ferritin | D-Dimer, FIB | ALB, cTnI, LDH, CRN | 8 |
| Sun 2020 | Jilin, China | English | A. Severe/Non severe B. Died/ Discharged | A. Severe/Non severe B. Non survivors/Survivors | A. 57(45/12) B. 36 (11/25) | 65 | 24 (53.3) | 58 | 5 (41.7) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab) | WBC, Neu, Mono, Eos, Bas | NA | NA | NA | 8 |
| Sun 2020 | Beijing, China | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate/ Mild | Severe/Non severe | 63 (19/44) | 59 | NA | 42 | NA | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, NK(ab), IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, Mono, HB, PLT | CRP, ESR, Ferritin | PT, D-dimer, FIB | ALB, TBIL, CRN, ALT, AST, LDH, CK, BUN | 8 |
| Urra 2020 | Spain | English | ICU/Non ICU | Severe/Non severe | 172 (27/145) | 66 | 20 (74.1) | 58 | 84 (57.9) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%) | Neu, Lym, NLR, PLR | CRP, | D-dimer | NA | 8 |
| Wan 2020 | Chong qing, China | English | Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 123 (21/102) | 61 | NA | 43 | NA | CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ | WBC, Neu, Lym | NA | NA | NA | 8 |
| Wang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | ICU/ Non-ICU | Severe/Non severe | 28(14/14) | 71 | 10 (71.4) | 66 | 11 (78.6) | IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | PCT, ESR, CRP, Ferritin | PT, APTT, D-dimer | CK, LDH, ALT, AST, ALB, TBIL, cTnI, BUN | 9 |
| Wang 2020 | China | English | Severe/Common | Severe/Non severe | 61(24/37) | 56 | 15 (62.5) | 51 | 16 (43.2) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, PLT, LMR, NLR, PLR | PCT,CRP | PT, D-dimer | AST, LDH, ALB, CRN, CK | 9 |
| Wang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Deceased/Alive | Non survivors/Survivors | 119 (16/103) | 72 | 12 (8.2) | 59 | 49 (52.8) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+ | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, LMR, NLR | PCT,CRP | PT, APTT, D-dimer, FIB | CK, LDH, ALT, AST, CRN, MYO | 8 |
| Wang 2020 | Beijing, China | English | A. Severe/Moderate B. Non survivors/Survivors | A. Severe/Non severe B. Non survivors/Survivors | A. 199(129/70) B. 199(24/175) | A.65 B.72 | A.70 (54.3)B.16 (66.7) | A.58 B.62 | A.29 (41.4)B.86 (49.1) | IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | PCT, CRP, Ferritin | PT, APTT, D-dimer, FIB | AST, ALT, ALB, LDH, TBIL, BUN, CRN | 8 |
| Wang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Death/Survival | Nonsurvivors/Survivors | 339 (65/274) | 76 | 39 (60.0) | 69 | 127 (46.4) | CD8+(ab), IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, HB, PLT | PCT, CRP | PT, APTT, D-dimer | AST, ALT, CRN, CK, cTnI, LDH, BUN | 9 |
| Wang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 43(8/35) | 6.81 | 6 (75.0) | 6.93 | 21 (60.0) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), B(ab), NK(ab), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 | WBC, Lym | CRP | D-dimer | LDH, CK, ALT, AST, TBIL | 8 |
| Wang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Severe/Mild | Severe/Non severe | 69 (14/55) | 70 | 7 (50.0) | 40 | 25 (45.0) | CD4+(%), CD8+(%), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, Eos, HB, PLT | PCT, ESR, CRP | NA | AST, ALT, LDH, CRN | 8 |
| Wang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Nonsurviving/Surviving | Non survivors/Survivors | 293(116/ 177) | 73 | 65 (56.0) | 50 | 73 (41.2) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab), NK(%), IgA, IgG, C3, C4 | WBC, Neu, Lym | PCT, CRP | PT, APTT, D-dimer | ALT, AST, ALB, CRN, BUN, CK, LDH, MYO, cTnI, TBIL | 7 |
| Wu 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | A .ARDS/Without ARDS B. Died/Alive | A. Severe/ Non severe B. Non survivors/ Survivors | A. 201 (84/117) B. 84 (44/40) | A.59 B.68 | A.60 (71.4)B.29 (65.9) | A.47 B.49 | A.68 (58.1)B.31 (77.5) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, PLT | ESR, CRP, Ferritin | PT, APTT, D-dimer | TBIL, AST, ALT, ALB, CRN, LDH, BUN | 8 |
| Xie 2020 | Wuhan,China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 56 (34/22) | 59 | 6 (27.3) | 53 | 18 (52.9) | CD3+(%), CD4+(%), CD8+(%), CD4+/CD8+ | WBC, Neu, Lym, PLT, HB | PCT, CRP | PT, APTT, D-dimer, FIB | ALT, AST, CRN, cTnI, CK, LDH | 7 |
| Xiong 2020 | Wuhan,China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 116 (55/61) | 64 | 38 (69.1) | 52 | 42 (68.9) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, HB, PLT | CRP | PT, APTT, D-dimer | CRN, BUN, AST, ALT, TBIL, LDH, cTnI, MYO | 8 |
| Xu 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | A. Died/Discharged B. Critical/Severe/Mild | A. Non survivors/Survivors B. Severe/Nonsevere | A. 145 (28/117) B. 187 (107/80) | A.73 B.64 | A.17 (60.7)B.73 (68.2) | A.55 B.56 | A.59 (50.4)B.30 (37.5) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono | PCT, CRP, SAA | PT, D-dimer | BUN, CRN, ALT, AST, CK | 8 |
| Yan 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 48(39/9) | 70 | 76 (70.4) | 49 | 38 (44.7) | IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | PCT, ESR, CRP, Ferritin | PT, APTT, FIB, D-dimer | ALT, AST, ALB, TBIL, CK, LDH, CRN,cTnI, BUN | 8 |
| Yang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Critical/Severe/Mild | Severe/Non severe | 52 (19/33) | NA | NA | NA | NA | CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym | PCT, CRP | D‐dimer | LDH, AST, ALT, CRN, cTnI | 8 |
| Yang 2020 | Shenzhen, China | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 50(36/14) | 59 | 22 (61.1) | 50 | 7 (50.0) | CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab) | WBC, Neu, Lym, PLT | PCT, CRP | NA | AST, ALT, CRN, BUN, CK, LDH, TBIL | 8 |
| Yuan 2020 | Shenzhen, China | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 214 (92/122) | 58 | 59 (64.1) | 41 | 58 (47.5) | CD4+(ab), IL-6 | WBC, Neu, PLT | CRP | D-Dimer | ALB | 7 |
| Zhang 2020 | China | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate/ Mild | Severe/Non severe | 414 (162/251) | 44 | 34 (57.6) | 42 | 11 (37.9) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, LMR, NLR, PLR | NA | NA | NA | 7 |
| Jun. Zhang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Deterioration/Discharge | Non survivors/Survivors | 111 (18/93) | 64 | 14 (77.8) | 38 | 32 (34.4) | IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, PLT | CRP | NA | CRN, BUN, ALT, AST | 9 |
| Zhang 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 74 (27/47) | 70 | 18 (66.7) | 61 | 18 (38.3) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), B(ab), NK(ab), IL-6, IgM, IgE, IgG | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, HB, PLT | PCT, ESR, CRP, SAA | D-dimer | CRN, ALB, AST, ALT, CK, LDH, cTnI | 7 |
| Zhao 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 539 (125/414) | 71 | 71 (56.8) | 52 | 184 (44.4) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), B(ab), IL-6, IgA, IgG | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | PCT, CRP | NA | NA | 9 |
| Zhao 2020a | Beijing, China | English | Severe/Mild | Severe/Non severe | 71 (18/53) | 64 | 7 (38.9) | 45 | 53 (43.4) | IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α | NA | NA | NA | NA | 9 |
| Zheng 2020 | Chengdu,China | English | Critical/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 99 (32/67) | 64 | NA | 43 | NA | CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab) | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP | PT, D-dimer | ALT, AST, MYO, cTnI | 7 |
| Zhou 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 191 (54/137) | 69 | 38 (70.0) | 52 | 81 (59.0) | IL-6, | WBC, Lym, HB, PLT | PCT, Ferritin | PT, D-dimer | LDH, ALB, ALT, CK, cTnI | 8 |
| Zhou 2020 | Nanchang, China | English | Aggravation group/Non aggravation group | Severe/Non severe | 17(5/12) | 42 | 0 (0.0) | 42 | 6 (50.0) | CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab) | WBC, Lym | NA | D-dimer | LDH, ALB | 8 |
| Zhu 2020 | Ningbo, China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 127 (16/111) | 58 | 9 (56.3) | 50 | 73 (65.8) | IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ | WBC, Neu, Lym, NLR, PLR | CRP,ESR | D-dimer, FIB | NA | 8 |
| Abers 2020 | New York, America | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 175 (145/30) | NA | NA | NA | NA | IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7 |
| G.Açıksarı 2021 | Turkey | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 223 (36/187) | 74 | 15 (12.7) | 57 | 103 (87.3) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, HB, PLT, LMR, NLR, PLR | CRP | NA | NA | 8 |
| Alhumaid 2021 | Alahsa, Saudi Arabia | English | ICU/Non-ICU | Severe/Non severe | 1014(205/809) | 53 | 116 (56.5) | 45 | 466 (57.6) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP,ESR, Ferritin | NA | CK, AST, ALT, LDH, CRN, CK | 8 |
| Aly 2021 | Egypt | English | Critical/Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 496(311/185) | 57 | 181 (58.2) | 38 | 92 (49.5) | NA | HB, PLT, LMR, NLR, PLR | CRP,Ferritin | D-dimer | NA | 8 |
| Bellan 2021 | Italy | English | Dead/Discharged | Non survivors/Survivors | 664(211/ 453) | 80 | 144 (68.0) | 63 | 260 (57.0) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, NLR, PLT | NA | NA | NA | 7 |
| Bergantini 2021 | Italy | English | Severe/Mild to moderate | Severe/Non severe | 24(10/14) | 65 | 8 (80.0) | 62 | 11 (78.6) | CD4+(%), CD8+(%), IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, Eos, Bas, PLT | CRP | NA | ALT, AST, LDH | 9 |
| Betti 2021 | Alessandria, Italy | English | Severec & critical/Mild & moderate | Severe/Non severe | 171 (82/89) | 57 | 54 (65.9) | 51 | 50 (56.2) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, Eos, HB, PLT | CRP,Ferritin | APTT, PT, D-dimer, FIB | ALT, AST, LDH, TBIL, CRN, cTnI, BUN | 8 |
| Bg 2021 | Davangere, India | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 100 (25/75) | 59 | 13 (52.0) | 43 | 44 (58.7) | NA | LMR, NLR, PLR | NA | NA | NA | 8 |
| Cai 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | A. Severe/Non-severe B. Death/Recovery | A. Severe/Non-severe B. Non survivors/Survivors | A. 85(48/37) B. 41(22/19) C. 22(7/15) | A.64 B.67C.70 | A.34 (70.8)B.12 (54.5)C.3 (42.9) | A.55 B.50 C.66 | A.21 (56.8)B.9 (47.4)C.9 (60.0) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP | APTT, PT, D-dimer | ALB, BUN, CRN, CK, AST, ALT | 9 |
| Capdevila-Reniu 2021 | Barcelona, Italy | English | Dead/Recovered | Non survivors/Survivors | 159 (53/106) | 86 | 29 (55.0) | 83 | 47 (44.0) | NA | Lym | CRP, Ferritin | D-dimer | LDH | 9 |
| Cekerevac 2021 | Serbia | English | Severe/Moderate/Mild | Severe/Non severe | 127 (70/57) | 61 | 49 (56.3) | 52 | 38 (66.7) | NA | WBC, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP | FIB | LDH, CK | 8 |
| Chen 2020 | Taiwan, China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 55 (24/31) | 52.1 | NA | NA | NA | IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, IFN-γ | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7 |
| Conca 2021 | Saudi Arabia | English | Severe/Moderate/Mild | Severe/Non severe | 34 (5/29) | 74 | 5 (100.0) | 44 | 7 (24.1) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab) | WBC | CRP, Ferritin | D-dimer | NA | 7 |
| d’Alessandro 2020 | Siena, Italy | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 54(14/40) | 65 | 12 (85.7) | 65 | 21 (52.5) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8 |
| Deng 2021 | Guangzhou, China | English | Severe & critical/Mild | Severe/Non severe | 166 (17/149) | 59 | 9 (52.9) | 48 | 65 (43.6) | CD3+(%), CD4+(%), CD8+(%), CD4+/CD8+ | HB, PLT | NA | PT, APTT, D-dimer, FIB | LDH, CK, CRN | 8 |
| Eleni 2021 | Greece | English | A. Death/No death B. ICU/No ICU | A. Non survivors/Survivors B. Severe/ Non severe | A. 5 (9/76) B. 85 (17/68) | A. 71 B. 60 | A. 5 (55.6) B. 14 (82.4) | A. 60 B. 60 | A. 44 (57.9) B. 35 (51.5) | NA | Lym, PLT | CRP, Ferritin | D-dimer, FIB | ALT, AST, LDH, cTnI | 8 |
| Elhadi 2021 | Libya | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 465(281/184) | 69 | 153 (54.4) | 64 | 87 (47.3) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, PLT | CRP,PCT, Ferritin | PT, D-dimer, FIB | cTnI | 8 |
| García de Guadiana-Romualdo 2021 | Spain | English | A. Non survivors/Survivors B. Severe/Non- severe | A. Non survivors/Survivors B. Severe/Non- severe | A. 99 (14/85) B. 99 (25/74) | A. 76 B. 70 | A. 10 (71.4) B. 16 (64.0) | A. 64 B. 65 | A. 51 (60.0) B. 45 (60.8) | IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, NLR, PLT, HB | CRP,PCT, Ferritin | D-dimer | CRN, ALB, ALT, LDH | 9 |
| Huang 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/ Non severe | 218 (102/116) | 68 | 57 (49.1) | 56 | 49 (42) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), B(ab), NK(ab), IL-6 | Neu, Lym, Mono, Eos, NLR | NA | NA | NA | 8 |
| Karahan 2021 | Turkey | English | A. Severe-Critica/Moderate B. Deceased/Surviving | A. Severe/Non severe B. Non survivors/Survivors | A. 149 (102/47) B. 149 (69/80) | A. 67 B. 68 | A. 58 (56.9) B. 41 (59.4) | A. 56 B. 60 | A. 23 (48.9) B. 40 (50.0) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP | NA | ALB | 8 |
| Karampoor 2021 | Iran | English | ICU/Non ICU | Severe/ Non severe | 120 (63/57) | 61 | 29 (46.0) | 52 | 35 (61.0) | IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8 |
| Li 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | A. Nonsurvivors/Survivors B. ICU/Non ICU | A. Non survivors/Survivors B. Severe/ Non severe | A. 211 (95/116) B. (211/312) | 69 | 56 (58.9) | 56 | 63 (54.3) | IL-6 | WBC, HB | CRP, PCT | NA | BUN, CRN, cTnI, AST, ALT, TBIL, ALB | 8 |
| Li 2021 | Changchun,China | English | Severe or Critical/Nonsevere | Severe/Non severe | 285 (90/164) | 70 | 57 (63.3) | 64 | 73 (44.5) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab), IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, PLT, NLR | CRP,PCT, ESR | APTT, PT, D-dimer, FIB | LDH, cTnI, AST, ALT, TBIL, ALB, CRN | 8 |
| Liu 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Severe Common | Severe/Non severe | 122 (79/43) | 63 | 46 (58.2) | 53 | 26 (60.5) | IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP,PCT, SAA,ESR, Ferritin | APTT, PT, D-dimer, FIB | AST, ALT, CRN, LDH, CK, MYO, cTnI, BUN, TBIL | 8 |
| Liu 2020 | Nanchang,China | English | Severe/ Mild | Severe/ Non severe | 76 (30/46) | NA | NA | NA | NA | CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Lym | NA | APTT, PT, D-dimer, FIB | CK, LDH | 7 |
| López- Escobar 2021 | Madrid, Barcelona and Galicia, Spain | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 2088 (321/1767) | 82 | 213(66.4) | 66 | 1032(58.4) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, NLR, PLT | CRP | APTT, PT, D-dimer | AST, ALT, LDH, CRN | 7 |
| Lu 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 77 (40/37) | 60 | 29 (73.0) | 57 | 21 (57.0) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP,PCT, ESR, Ferritin | APTT, PT, D-dimer | AST, ALT, CRN, LDH, CK, MYO, cTnI, BUN, TBIL | 9 |
| Marín-Corral 2021 | Spain | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate | Severe/Non severe | 49 (36/13) | 51 | 17 (47.2) | 59 | 7 (53.8) | NA | WBC, Lym | PCT | D-dimer, FIB | LDH | 9 |
| Montrucchio 2021 | Turin, Northern-Italy | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 57(31/26) | 66 | 28 (90.3) | 60 | 22 (84.6) | NA | WBC, Lym | CRP,PCT | D-dimer | LDH | 8 |
| Nakamura 2021 | Tokyo, Japan | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 32(11/21) | 74 | 10 (91.0) | 67 | 12 (57.0) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP, Ferritin | D-dimer | CRN, ALB, TBIL, LDH | 9 |
| Namendys-Silva 2021 | Mexico | English | Dead/ Alive | Non survivors/Survivors | 164 (85/79) | 57 | 59 (69.4) | 49 | 55 (69.6) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, PLT | CRP, Ferritin | D-dimer | CRN, TBIL | 8 |
| Özdemir 2021 | Turkey | English | Deceased/ Surviving | Non survivors/Survivors | 350 (55/295) | 73 | 29 (52.7) | 50 | 165 (55.9) | NA | WBC, Lym, HB | CRP | D-dimer | cTnI, CRN, AST, ALT, ALB | 7 |
| Peiro 2021 | Spain | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 196 (37/159) | 76 | 23 (62.2) | 63 | 94 (59.1) | NA | WBC, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP | D-dimer | LDH, cTnI | 8 |
| Provencio 2021 | Spain | English | Died/ Survived | Non survivors/Survivors | 447 (146/301) | 68 | NA | 67 | NA | NA | Neu, Lym, Mono, NLR | CRP | D-dimer | LDH, ALB | 8 |
| Qin 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 262 (23/239) | 69 | 10 (43.5) | 61 | 113 (47.3) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), C3, C4 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono | CRP | NA | AST, ALT, CRN, LDH, TBIL | 8 |
| Quartuccio 2021 | Udine, Italy | English | Patients with P/F < 300/Patients with P/F ≥ 300 | Severe/ Non severe | 67(22/45) | 58 | 17 (77.3) | 59 | 32 (71.1) | IL-6, IL-18 | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP | D-dimer | LDH, CK | 9 |
| Sai 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 47 (15/32) | 71 | 7 (46.7) | 70 | 23 (71.9) | IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP,PCT | D-dimer | LDH, AST, CRN, cTnI, TBIL | 9 |
| Salto‑Alejandre 2021 | Seville, Spain | English | Severe/ Moderate/ Mild | Severe/ Non severe | 321 (85/236) | 74 | 50 (58.8) | 60 | 119 (50.4) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP | D-dimer | CRN, AST, LDH | 8 |
| Scotto 2021 | Italy | English | Unfavourable Outcome/Favourable Outcome | Non survivors/Survivors | 34 (15/19) | NA | NA | NA | NA | IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP | D-dimer | NA | 7 |
| Song 2021 | Hubei, China | English | Critical/Severe/Mild&moderate | Severe/ Non severe | 295 (107/188) | 67 | 67 (62.6) | 51 | 88 (46.8) | IL-6 | WBC, Lym, PLT | NA | D-dimer | ALT, AST, BUN, CRN, TBIL | 7 |
| Sozio 2021 | Italy | English | Death or IOT/Not death and not IOT | Non survivors/Survivors | 111 (28/83) | 64 | 22 (78.6) | 62 | 44 (53.0) | CD4+/CD8+, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP,PCT | D-dimer | LDH, CK, CRN | 8 |
| Stachura 2021 | Kraków, Poland | English | Severe/ Non severe | Severe/ Non severe | 100(47/53) | 62.3 | 30 (63.8) | 56.5 | 33 (62.3) | IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP,PCT, Ferritin | APTT, D-dimer | AST, MYO, cTnI, LDH | 9 |
| Tang 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Critical/Severe/Common | Severe/ Non severe | 100 (44/56) | 49 | 25 (56.8) | 39 | 31 (55.4) | IL-6 | Lym | PCT | NA | NA | 8 |
| Tao 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Severe/ Non severe | Severe/ Non severe | 222 (20/202) | 68 | 12 (60.0) | 54 | 130 (64.4) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, Eos, Bas, HB, PLT | CRP,PCT, ESR | APTT, PT, D-dimer | MYO, LDH, ALT, AST, TBIL, BUN | 8 |
| Tepasse 2021 | Germany | English | Critical/Severe/Non severe | Severe/ Non severe | 40(31/9) | 59 | 29 (93.5) | 55 | 7 (77.8) | IL-6 | WBC | CRP,PCT, Ferritin | D-dimer | CRN, ALT, ALB | 8 |
| Viana-Llamas 2021 | Spain | English | Deceased /Alive | Non survivors/Survivors | 609 (128/481) | 80 | 85 (66.4) | 66 | 282 (58.6) | NA | WBC, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP, Ferritin | D-dimer, FIB | cTnI, LDH, AST, ALB, CRN | 8 |
| Wang 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Critical/Severe/Non severe | Severe/ Non severe | A.211 (100/111) B.112(46/66) | 63 | 63 (68.0) | 46 | 38 (34.2) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD4+(%), CD8+(ab), CD8+(%), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ | WBC, Lym | NA | NA | AST, ALT | 8 |
| Wang 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Non survivors/Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 156 (56/100) | 74 | 32 (57.1) | 54 | 44 (44.0) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP,PCT | D-dimer | CRN, BUN, LDH, AST, ALT, CK, cTnI, TBIL | 8 |
| Waris 2021 | Pakistan | English | Critical/Severe/Moderate/Mild | Severe/ Non severe | 101 (25/76) | 62.1/ 56 | 17 (68.0) | 49.1 /43.24 | 53 (69.7) | NA | WBC, Lym, HB, PLT, LMR, PLR, NLR | NA | NA | NA | 7 |
| Xiong 2021 | China | English | Dead cases/Recovery cases | Non survivors/Survivors | 190 (85/105) | 72 | 53 (62.4) | 59 | 46 (43.8) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+, B(ab), NK(ab) | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP,PCT | D-dimer | LDH, CRN, CK, AST, ALT, BUN, TBIL | 7 |
| Xue 2021 | China | English | Severe/ Moderate | Severe/ Non severe | 289 (63/226) | 62 | 31 (49.2) | 54 | 99 (43.8) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP | NA | NA | 8 |
| Yang 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Non survivors/ Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 203 (58/145) | 67 | 38 (65.5) | 56 | 77 (53.1) | IL-6 | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP | APTT, PT, D-dimer | CK, MYO, cTnI, LDH, ALT, AST, TBIL, ALB, CRN, BUN | 8 |
| Zayat 2021 | Heinsberg,German | English | Non survivors/ Survivors | Non survivors/Survivors | 17(8/9) | 57 | 4 (50.0) | 57 | 2 (22.0) | IL-6 | WBC, PLT, HB | CRP,PCT | D-dimer, FIB | LDH, CRN, BUN, CK, ALT | 9 |
| Zhang 2021 | Wuhan, China | English | Died/ Cured | Non survivors/Survivors | 208 (26/182) | 69 | 18 (69.0) | 62 | 111 (61.0) | CD3+(ab), CD3+(%), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), B(ab), NK(ab), IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, C3, C4 | WBC, Neu, Lym, Mono, Eos, Bas, HB, PLT | CRP,ESR, Ferritin | PT, D-dimer | AST, ALT, LDH, cTnI, BUN, CRN, TBIL | 9 |
| Zhao 2021b | Wuhan, China | English | Severe/Mild | Severe/ Non severe | 285 (74/211) | 67 | 38 (51.0) | 63 | 96 (45.0) | IL-6 | Neu, Lym, Mono, Eos, NLR, PLR, LMR | CRP | PT, D-dimer | ALT, AST, BUN, CRN | 8 |
| Ahmad 2021 | Northern India | English | Mortality/ Survival | Non survivors/Survivors | 1448(159/1289) | 58 | 128 (12.2) | 47 | 921 (87.8) | NA | HB, WBC, PLT | Ferritin, CRP | D-dimer | ALT, AST, ALB, BUN, CRN, LDH | 7 |
| Akdogan 2021 | Turkey | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/Non severe | 175(57/118) | 52 | NA | 39 | NA | NA | WBC, Lym | CRP | D-dimer | LDH, AST, ALT, BUN | 7 |
| Berenguer 2020 | Spain | English | Dead/ Alive | Non survivors /Survivors | 4037 (1133/ 2904) | 79 | 1119 (68.5) | 64 | 2868 (58.1) | IL-6 | HB, WBC, Neu, Lym, NLR, PLT | CRP,PCT, Ferritin | D-dimer | ALT, AST, BUN, CRN, ALB, LDH | 7 |
| Albalawi 2021 | Saudi Arabia | English | Non-survivors/Survivors | Non survivors /Survivors | 119 (26/93) | 61 | 14 (53.9) | 53 | 66 (71.0) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP | D-dimer, PT, APTT | AST, ALT, BUN, CRN, LDH, ALB | 7 |
| Arikan 2021 | Turkey | English | Dead/Discharged | Non survivors /Survivor | 225/353 | 71 | 149 (66.2) | 67 | 203 (57.5) | NA | HB, WBC, Neu, Lym, PLT | Ferritin, PCT | FIB, D-dimer | BUN, CRN, AST, ALT, LDH, ALB | 7 |
| Chinnadurai 2020 | Bury, UK | English | Deceased/Alive | Non survivors /Survivors | 215(86/129) | 80 | 51 (59.3) | 68 | 82 (63.5) | NA | HB, Neu, Lym, NLR, PLT | CRP | D-dimer | ALB, ALT | 8 |
| d’Arminio Monforte 2020 | Italy | English | Death/ Survival | Non survivors /Survivors | 541(174/367) | 76 | 117 (67.2) | 61 | 230 (63.0) | NA | HB, WBC, Lym, PLT | CRP,PCT, Ferritin | D-dimer | LDH, CK, ALT, AST, CRN | 8 |
| Gozalbo-Rovira 2020 | Spain | English | ICU/pneumology ward | Severe/ Non severe | 51 (24/27) | 62 | 18 (75.0) | 58 | 14 (52.0) | IL-6 | Lym | CRP, Ferritin | D-dimer | LDH | 8 |
| Gupta 2020 | India | English | ICU/Non ICU | Severe/ Non severe | 200 (32/168) | 51 | 20 (62.4) | 38 | 96 (57.1) | NA | WBC, Lym, HB, PLT | NA | NA | BUN, CRN, AST, ALT | 8 |
| Kaal 2021 | The Netherlands | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/ Non severe | 142 (41/101) | 69 | 28 (68.3) | 58 | 65 (64.4) | NA | WBC, Lym, PLT | CRP,PCT, Ferritin | NA | CRN, LDH | 8 |
| Duan 2020 | Chongqing, China | English | Severe/Non severe | Severe/ Non severe | 348 (20/328) | 58 | 170 (52.0) | 44 | 14 (70.0) | CD3+(ab), CD4+(ab), CD8+(ab), CD4+/CD8+ | WBC, Lym, NLR, PLT, HB | CRP,PCT | APTT, PT, FIB, D-dimer | ALB, ALT, AST, CRN, BUN, TBIL | 8 |
| Li 2020 | Wuhan, China | English | Non-survivors/Survivor | Non survivors/ Survivors | 102 (15/87) | 68 | 11 (73.0) | 55 | 48 (55.0) | IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | WBC, Neu, Lym, HB, PLT | CRP,PCT | D-dimer, PT | cTnI, ALB, LDH, ALT, AST, TBIL, CRN, BUN | 8 |
| Li 2021 | Jinan, China | English | Non-survivors/Survivor | Non survivors/ Survivors | 99(9/63) | 72 | 6 (66.7) | 57 | 29 (43.9) | IL-6 | WBC, Lym, PLT | CRP,PCT | D-dimer | BUN, CRN, CK, LDH | 8 |
| Aksel 2021 | Turkey | English | Non-survivors/Survivor | Non survivors/ Survivors | 168 (32/136) | 70 | 17 (53.1) | 62 | 73 (53.7) | NA | WBC, Neu, Lym | CRP | NA | NA | 8 |
Data of age are presened as Mean. NA: not available. Combined groups†: Case group (Non-survivors/Severe)/Control group (Survivors/Non-severe). Sample size‡: Total sample (Case group sample/Control group sample). Quality score*: The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used for assessing the quality score of each article, with more stars meaning a higher score