Table 3.

The quality-of-life differences among patients before and after TKR (N  = 118).

Variables		Before TKR, M ± SD	Status level	After TKR, M ± SD	Status level	t-test	p value
Psychological demand (SF-36)		3.88 ± 0.37	Severe	2.36 ± 0.21	Moderate	19.13	<0.001∗∗
Quality of life (WOMAC scale)	Pain severity	3.95 ± 0.46	Severe	1.86 ± 0.31	Mild	13.45	<0.001∗∗
	Joint stiffness	3.91 ± 0.67	Severe	1.79 ± 0.50	Mild	12.43	<0.001∗∗
	Physical functioning impairment	4.03 ± 0.30	Severe	1.96 ± 0.26	Mild	14.69	<0.001∗∗
	Total WOMAC scale	4.00 ± 0.31	Severe	1.92 ± 0.21	Mild	14.36	<0.001∗∗

M ± SD: mean ± standard deviation; TKR: total knee replacement. ^∗∗p value: <0.001.