Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jan 4;15:785620. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.785620

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2022 Yu, Ling, Yu, Liu and Jiang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Two Patterns of CL-taVNS. (A) workflow of instantaneous CL-taVNS. The system will be activated as soon as the On Biomarker is identified and deactivated when the Off Biomarker is determined by the identifier simultaneously. (B) Workflow of continuous CL-taVNS. The biofeedback is used to control stimulation parameters of taVNS (pulse width, current intensity, frequency, On-Off time, and stimulating duration) to adhere to momentary therapeutic needs. The biofeedback can also be used for temporal synchronization of the applied stimuli with inner body rhythms to interfere constructively with the dynamics of the body. CL-taVNS: Closed-loop transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation.