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. 2022 Jan 4;12:719664. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719664

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Copyright © 2022 Espinar-Buitrago and Muñoz-Fernández

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Scheme of the development of a therapeutic vaccine based on DCs. For the development of autologous dendritic cell vaccines, monocytes were extracted from PBMC obtained by leukapheresis from the patient himself. Monocytes are stimulated in vitro with GM-CSF and IL-4 to induce differentiation into immature dendritic cells (iDCs). These iDCs are loaded with HIV-1 derived antigen (antigenic peptides, inactivated whole virus, envelope glycoproteins) and will subsequently become mature antigen-presenting dendritic cells. These MoDCs can be used to formulate a vaccine that is administered to the patient to elicit a specific T-cell response to the HIV-1 antigen.