Table 3.
Qualitative and quantitative (mg/100 g DW ± SD) profiles of GSL compounds detected in N. officinale control and selected experimental in vitro cultures after elicitation, as confirmed by UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS
| Subgroups | No.* | Glucosinolate (GSL) (trivial name) | tR (min) | [M + Na]+ | Contents (mg/100 g DW ± SD) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C 4 days | 25 μM ETH 4 days | 50 μM MeJA 24 h | 50 μM NaSA 4 days | 3 mg/mL YeE 6 days | |||||
| Methionine derived | 1 | 6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl GSL (glucohesperin) | 5.50 | 408 | nd | tr | nd | nd | nd |
| 2 | 7-(Methylsulfinyl)heptyl GSL | 6.55 | 422 | tr | tr | tr | tr | tr | |
| 3 | 8-(Methylsulfinyl)octyl GSL (glucohirsutin) | 7.58 | 436 | tr | tr | tr | tr | nd | |
| 4 | 7-(Methylsulfanyl)heptyl GSL | 10.97 | 406 | tr | nd | tr | tr | nd | |
| 5 | 8-(Methylsulfanyl)octyl GSL | 12.70 | 420 | tr | nd | nd | tr | nd | |
| Phenylalanine derived | 6 | 2-Phenylethyl GSL (gluconasturtiin) | 8.20 | 366 | 23.16 ± 4.16 | 42.79 ± 4.83 | 68.34 ± 5.14 | 7.17 ± 0.19 | tr |
| Tryptophan derived | 7 | 4-Hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin) | 5.85 | 407 | 12.00 ± 1.89 | 1.36 ± 0.10 | 5.26 ± 1.57 | 0.55 ± 0.00 | nd |
| 8 | Indol-3-ylmethyl GSL (glucobrassicin) | 7.64 | 391 | 46.28 ± 3.20 | 34.36 ± 0.67 | 65.95 ± 0.49 | 4.15 ± 0.12 | tr | |
| 9 | 4-Methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL (4-methoxyglucobrassicin) | 8.35 | 421 | 152.91 ± 5.46 | 72.20 ± 6.23 | 71.64 ± 6.84 | 54.31 ± 6.89 | 11.45 ± 0.91 | |
[M + Na]+, sodium adduct of desulfoglucosinolate; tr, trace amounts < 0.1 mg/100 g DW; nd, not detected
*Numbers are corresponding to Supplementary Fig. S1