Table 2.
OR for GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes according to first-trimester FPGa
| Outcomes | FPG | Crude ORs | P | Adjusted ORs | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDM | Reference | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.19–4.62 | 1.223 (1.107~1.351) | <0.001 | 1.137 (1.002~1.289) | 0.046 | |
| 4.63–5.10 | 1.825 (1.655~2.012) | <0.001 | 1.592 (1.406~1.801) | <0.001 | |
| 5.11–6.99 | 4.880 (4.378~5.439) | <0.001 | 4.031 (3.513~4.625) | <0.001 | |
| Adverse pregnancy outcome | |||||
| Cesarean section | Reference | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.19–4.62 | 1.054 (0.993~1.118) | 0.086 | 0.984 (0.916~1.057) | 0.656 | |
| 4.63–5.10 | 1.235 (1.163~1.312) | <0.001 | 1.071 (0.996~1.151) | 0.064 | |
| 5.11–6.99 | 1.440 (1.331~1.557) | <0.001 | 1.128 (1.025~1.241) | 0.014 | |
| GHD | Reference | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.19–4.62 | 0.852 (0.700~1.036) | 0.109 | 0.746 (0.594~0.935) | 0.011 | |
| 4.63–5.10 | 1.021 (0.841~1.240) | 0.831 | 0.922 (0.737~1.152) | 0.475 | |
| 5.11-6.99 | 1.496 (1.185~1.887) | 0.001 | 1.250 (0.956~1.634) | 0.103 | |
| LGA | Reference | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.19–4.62 | 1.251 (1.113~1.406) | <0.001 | 1.090 (0.952~1.247) | 0.213 | |
| 4.63–5.10 | 1.549 (1.380~1.740) | <0.001 | 1.149 (1.004~1.314) | 0.044 | |
| 5.11–6.99 | 2.124 (1.853~2.436) | <0.001 | 1.426 (1.214~1.675) | <0.001 | |
| Polyhydramnios | Reference | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.19–4.62 | 0.841 (0.639~1.106) | 0.216 | 0.830 (0.614~1.123) | 0.228 | |
| 4.63–5.10 | 0.780 (0.589~1.032) | 0.082 | 0.757 (0.555~1.033) | 0.080 | |
| 5.11–6.99 | 0.971 (0.677~1.393) | 0.874 | 0.971 (0.653~1.442) | 0.883 | |
| Dystocia | Reference | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.19–4.62 | 0.980 (0.843~1.140) | 0.793 | 1.081 (0.909~1.286) | 0.379 | |
| 4.63–5.10 | 1.006 (0.864~1.171) | 0.941 | 1.164 (0.977~1.388) | 0.090 | |
| 5.11–6.99 | 0.946 (0.772~1.160) | 0.593 | 1.187 (0.940~1.500) | 0.150 | |
| Primary Cesarean Section | Reference | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.19–4.62 | 1.183 (1.081~1.294) | <0.001 | 0.893 (0.780~1.022) | 0.101 | |
| 4.63–5.10 | 1.532 (1.401~1.674) | <0.001 | 0.998 (0.873~1.142) | 0.982 | |
| 5.11–6.99 | 1.819 (1.631~2.028) | <0.001 | 0.977 (0.828~1.154) | 0.786 | |
| ICU attendance | Reference | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.19-4.62 | 0.879 (0.801~0.964) | 0.006 | 0.887(0.791~0.995) | 0.041 | |
| 4.63–5.10 | 0.890 (0.810~0.977) | 0.014 | 0.887 (0.789~0.997) | 0.044 | |
| 5.11-6.99 | 0.943 (0.834~1.067) | 0.353 | 0.918 (0.787~1.070) | 0.274 | |
| Macrosomia | Reference | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.19–4.62 | 1.259 (1.076~1.473) | 0.004 | 1.117 (0.932~1.338) | 0.232 | |
| 4.63–5.10 | 1.518 (1.299~1.773) | <0.001 | 1.172 (0.978~1.405) | 0.085 | |
| 5.11–6.99 | 2.067 (1.721~2.481) | <0.001 | 1.561 (1.260~1.933) | <0.001 | |
| LBW | Reference | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.19–4.62 | 0.768 (0.665~0.888) | <0.001 | 0.771 (0.613~0.970) | 0.026 | |
| 4.63–5.10 | 0.711 (0.613~0.824) | <0.001 | 0.718 (0.567~0.909) | 0.006 | |
| 5.11–6.99 | 0.760 (0.620~0.930) | 0.008 | 0.734(0.533~1.012) | 0.059 | |
| PD | Reference | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.19–4.62 | 1.021 (0.890 ~ 1.171) | 0.768 | 1.559 (0.589~4.125) | 0.371 | |
| 4.63–5.10 | 1.069 (0.931 ~ 1.227) | 0.344 | 1.300 (0.486~3.482) | 0.601 | |
| 5.11–6.99 | 1.170 (0.981 ~ 1.396) | 0.081 | 2.232 (0.673~7.406) | 0.190 | |
Reference: First category of early FPG ≤ 4.19 mmol/L as the reference
Adjusted ORs: adjusted by maternal age, prepregancy BMI, height, delivery times, and delivery weeks
Bold: ORå 1, P < 0.05; Italics: OR <1, P < 0.05
aFPG: FPG in the first-trimester