Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Participants by Menopause Statusa
| Characteristic | Premenopause (n = 257) | Postmenopause (n = 93) | Standardized Mean Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 40.4 (6.4) | 53.0 (4.5) | 2.27 |
| Race, % | 0.22 | ||
| Black/African-American | 70.0 | 60.2 | |
| White | 9.3 | 15.1 | |
| Other or multiracial | 20.6 | 24.7 | |
| Hispanic, % | 9.7 | 16.1 | 0.19 |
| Country of birth, % | 0.30 | ||
| United States | 77.4 | 82.8 | |
| Puerto Rico or other US territories | 0.4 | 3.2 | |
| Other countries | 22.2 | 14.0 | |
| Education, % | 0.21 | ||
| Less than high school | 27.2 | 33.3 | |
| Completed high school | 28.0 | 32.3 | |
| Some college | 33.9 | 25.8 | |
| Completed college or any graduate school | 10.9 | 8.6 | |
| Employed, % | 44.7 | 38.7 | 0.12 |
| Alcohol use, % | 0.35 | ||
| Abstainer | 47.1 | 63.4 | |
| >0–7 drinks/wk | 44.4 | 29.0 | |
| >7–12 drinks/wk | 3.9 | 4.3 | |
| >12 drinks/wk | 4.7 | 3.2 | |
| Cigarette smoking history, % | 0.35 | ||
| Never smoker | 49.0 | 32.3 | |
| Current smoker | 28.0 | 36.6 | |
| Former smoker | 23.0 | 31.2 | |
| Drug use, %b | 16.3 | 20.4 | 0.11 |
| Hormonal contraceptive use, % | 13.2 | 0 | 0.55 |
| HIV load, copies/mL, mean (SD) | 4394.3 (26 608.4) | 211.0 (1313.8) | 0.22 |
| Undetectable HIV load, % | 76.7 | 83.9 | 0.18 |
| CD4 count, cells/mm3, mean (SD) | 648.9 (307.7) | 663.8 (338.2) | 0.05 |
| CD4 count ≥500 cells/mm3, % | 68.9 | 62.4 | 0.14 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 33.2 (9.7) | 30.9 (8.0) | 0.25 |
| BMI category, % | 0.25 | ||
| Underweight or healthy weight, <25 kg/m2 | 16.0 | 23.7 | |
| Overweight, ≥25 and <30 kg/m2 | 26.1 | 30.1 | |
| Obese, ≥30 kg/m2 | 58.0 | 46.2 | |
| Diabetes, %c | 10.9 | 19.4 | 0.24 |
| Hypertension, %d | 31.1 | 53.8 | 0.47 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
aData are presented for the first visit with biomarker data. Missing data for covariates were imputed based on the immediately prior study visit with the data, if available (missingness was <1% for all covariates).
bInjected or noninjected drug use including marijuana.
cEver any fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1C ≥6.5%, self-reported diabetes, or diabetes medication.
dSystolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, self-report, or use of antihypertensive medication.