Fig. 3. Elongation of protein monomers into higher-order oligomers.

Polymerase activity assay in the presence of glutaraldehyde, showing the formation of higher-order oligomers by representative Western blot of a polymerase activity assay of a 3D^pol-WT and c 3D^pol-GNN, b and d. Quantification of 3D^pol higher-order oligomer formation of 3D^pol -WT and 3D^pol-GNN, respectively, over time by densitometry. Control reactions were included without primer (-P), without RNA template (-R), or without glutaraldehyde (-G) and analysed after 120 min. Values normalised to the average densitometry values (a.u) at each timepoint across three biological repeats using ImageJ. Approximate molecular weights are indicated, by comparison to Coomassie-stained gels. Comparisons between timepoints are within 3D^pol-WT and 3D^pol-GNN respectively (n = 3, ± SEM, analysed by two-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001).