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. 2022 Jan 18;8:3. doi: 10.1038/s41421-021-00355-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a In vitro auto-ADP-ribosylation of PARP1 and tPARP1. Recombinant PARP1 or tPARP1 was incubated with NAD⁺ and poly(dA-dT). Auto-ADP-ribosylation was detected by anti-pan ADPr (upper panel) or anti-PAR (middle panel). Recombinant protein in each reaction was also examined by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie blue staining (lower panel). b Olaparib suppresses auto-ADP-ribosylation of tPARP1. c TARG1 but not PARG removes the auto-ADP-ribosylation of tPARP1. d, e The BRCT domain is not required for the auto-ADP-ribosylation of tPARP1. f HA-tagged full length of tPARP1 and four truncation mutants of tPARP1 were expressed in U2OS-PARP1 knockout cells, respectively. The cell lysates were extracted, followed by incubation with 5’ biotin-labeled poly(dA-dT). A streptavidin pull-down assay was performed and the complex was detected by western blotting (upper panel). Quantitative analysis of the levels of the pulled down proteins is shown in the lower panel. g The ZnF3 and the WGR domains are required for the auto-ADP-ribosylation of tPARP1. Data are represented as means ± SD as indicated from three independent experiments. Significance of differences was evaluated by Student’s t-test. **P < 0.01.