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. 2021 Jun 26;70(1):54–63. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.21-50

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Alterations in A) glycolysis, PPP, serine/glycine cleavage system, methylation cycle, and trans-sulfuration pathway, and B) TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and urea cycle (analysis of CE-MS), in liver from HD, LC and ALF subjects. Note that the 2 figures A) and B) are connected between PEP-pyruvate and oxaloacetate-acetyl CoA. Clear, stippled, and black bars represent HD, LC, and ALF groups, respectively. *p<0.05 vs HD. **p<0.01 vs HD. p<0.05 vs LC. ††p<0.01 vs LC. HD, healthy donor; LC, liver cirrhosis; ALF, acute liver failure; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; PPP, pentose phosphate pathway; CE-MS, capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry; NAD, oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADP, oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NADPH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; G6P, glucose 6-phosphate; F6P, fructose 6-phosphate; F1,6BP, fructose 1,6-diphosphate; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; GA3P, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; 3PG, 3-phosphoglycerate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; 6PG, 6-phosphogluconate; RU5P, ribulose 5-phosphate; R5P, ribose 5-phosphate; S7P, d-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate; X5P, xylulose 5-phosphate; E4P, erythrose 4-phosphate; SAM, S-adenosyl-l-methionine; SAH, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; HTU, hypotaurine; TU, taurine; GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione.