Table 5.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of the development of dyspepsia

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Parameter	Odds ratio	95% CI	p value	Odds ratio	95% CI	p value
Age	0.979	0.952–1.007	0.145
Sex (male)	0.317	0.121–0.830	0.014	0.333	0.117–0.948	0.039
Body mass index >22 (kg/m2)	0.898	0.527–1.528	0.691
Smoking	1.164	0.723–1.875	0.532
Alcohol consumption	1.15	0.697–1.895	0.585
Helicobacter pylori infection	1.352	0.845–2.162	0.207
Disease
Hypertension	0.695	0.280–1.722	0.43
Hyperlipidemia	2.498	0.411–15.185	0.304
Diabetes mellitus	0.923	0.102–8.366	0.943
Heart diseases	1.4	0.364–5.389	0.623
Cancer	0.944	0.986–1.002	0.461
Endoscopic disease
Hiatal hernia	0.937	0.576–1.522	0.791
Short-segment Barrett’s esophagus	0.602	0.376–0.964	0.034	0.569	0.349–0.928	0.024
Gastroesophageal reflux diseases	1.146	0.644–2.040	0.643
Gastric ulcer	1.161	0.415–2.270	0.773
Gastric ulcer scar	0.209	0.027–1.589	0.13	0.119	0.014–1.036	0.054
Duodenal ulcer	1.238	0.245–6.239	0.796
Duodenal ulcer scar	1.243	0.391–3.952	0.721
Endoscopic Kyoto classification
Atrophy	0.782	0.556–1.098	0.155	0.868	0.568–1.326	0.513
Intestinal metaplasia	0.616	0.192–1.975	0.415
Enlarged folds	0.87	0.441–1.714	0.687
Nodularity	0.4	0.066–2.433	0.32
Diffuse redness	0.268	0.513–1.331	0.433
Total scores	0.907	0.767–1.072	0.254
Endoscopic finding
Regular arrangement of collecting venules	0.835	0.522–1.338	0.454
Bile reflux	0.923	0.102–8.366	0.943
Map-like redness	—	—	—
Xanthoma	0.976	0.959–1.992	0.537
Hematin	0.607	0.247–1.493	0.273
Red streak	1.264	0.763–2.094	0.362
Fundic gland polyp	3.173	1.387–7.260	0.006	3.413	1.430–8.142	0.006
Hyperplastic polyp	0.523	0.063–4.305	0.54
Mucosal swelling	0.626	0.211–1.860	0.395
Patchy redness	0.985	0.972–0.998	0.242
Sticky mucous	0.487	0.167–1.423	0.18	0.199	0.203–2.408	0.571
Antral erosion	1.279	0.676–2.421	0.448
Raised erosion	1.513	0.570–4.021	0.403
Spotty redness	0.89	0.492–1.607	0.698
Multiple white and flat elevated lesion	1.022	0.450–2.320	0.959