The scheme of metabolic pathway of persulfides and sulfides. Enzymes are shown in gray background. Cys-SH, cysteine; Cys-SSH, cysteine persulfide; Cys-SS-Cys, cystine; protein-SSH, protein persulfide; H2S/HS−, hydrogen sulfide/hydrogen sulfide anion; GSH, glutathione; GSSH, glutathione persulfide; SO32−, sulfite; SO42−, sulfate; CARS, cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase; CBS, cystathionine β-synthase; CSE, cystathionine γ-lyase, SQR, sulfide quinone reductase; ETHE1, ethylmalonic encephalopathy protein 1; SO, sulfite oxidase.