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. 2022 Jan 4;12:773054. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.773054

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Gut discomfort (A), total (B), upper (C), and lower (D) gastrointestinal symptom severity rated on a exercise specific mVAS for gastrointestinal symptoms (Gaskell et al., 2019), during steady-state running with CHO provision on P1 (○), P2 (●), and P3 (●). Mean ± SEM (n = 28): †p < 0.05 vs. pre-exercise (0 min) resting GIS. P1: formulated gel-disc containing 30 g CHO with 300 ml water (10% w/v, 90 g/h, 2:1 glucose–fructose, 316 mOsmol/kg), at 0 min and every 20 min thereafter for 120 min; followed by water provisions ad libitum for the 3rd h (270 ± 215 ml). P2: CHO beverage containing 25 ± 3 g CHO (10% w/v, 76 ± 8 g/h, 509 mOsmol/kg; equivalent to 1.0 g/kgBM/h) at 0 min and every 20 min thereafter for 120 min, then water provisions ad libitum for the 3rd h (170 ± 122 ml). P3: CHO beverage containing 45 g CHO (16% w/v, 90 g/h, 2:1 glucose–fructose, 460 mOsmol/kg), at 0 min and every 30 min thereafter for 180 min. Water provisioned ad libitum, but not consumed by participants (0 ± 0 ml).