Table 1.
General subject data.
| Variable | NAFLD patients | Healthy controls | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 64) | (n = 64) | ||
| Age (years) | 10 (9, 11) | 10 (7, 12) | 0.205b |
| Male (%) | 43 (67.2) | 32 (50.0) | 0.072c |
| Overweight and obese n (%) | 62 (96.9) | 19 (29.6) | <0.001c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 (23.4, 28.3) | 17.8 (17.1, 18.4) | <0.001b |
| BMI z-score | 0.71 (0.26, 1.20) | -0.80 (-0.94, -0.69) | <0.001b |
| ALT (U/l) | 61.0 (19.5, 145.0) | 13.5 (10.0, 16.0) | <0.001b |
| AST (U/L) | 31.0 (19.3, 65.0) | 23.0 (18.0, 25.8) | <0.001b |
| GGT (U/L) | 33.5 (19.0, 63.3) | 12.0 (9.3, 14.8) | <0.001b |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 5.0 (4.7, 5.2) | 4.9 (4.3, 5.2) | 0.115b |
| Fasting insulin (mU/l) | 16.3 (11.3, 26.6) | 9.7 (7.2, 12.3) | <0.001b |
| TC (mmol/l) | 4.2 (3.5, 4.7) | 4.2 (3.8, 4.6) | 0.989b |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.8) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.1) | <0.001b |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.6) | 0.031b |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.6 (2.0, 3.0) | 2.3 (1.9, 2.7) | 0.046b |
| ApoA1 (g/l) | 1.30 ± 0.22 | 1.31 ± 0.34 | 0.757a |
| ApoB (g/l) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 0.061b |
| Uria acid (μmol/l) | 371.5 (336.0, 468.5) | 289.0 (266.0, 315.8) | <0.001b |
| PTX-3 (ng/ml) | 2.52 (1.60, 4.48) | 1.57 (1.19, 2.12) | <0.001b |
| HOMA-IR | 3.6 (2.2, 5.5) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.7) | <0.001b |
| TyG | 8.53 ± 0.48 | 8.06 ± 0.43 | <0.001a |
a = Student's t-test; b = Mann–Whitney U-test; c = Pearson's chi-square test. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (25th–75th interquartile range), or number of cases (%), as appropriate. BMI: body mass index; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1; ApoB: apolipoprotein B; PTX-3: pentraxin-3; TyG: triglyceride-glucose.