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. 2022 Jan 4;8:757336. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.757336

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Copyright © 2022 Mao, Cai, Chen, Wang, Jiang, Ye and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pathophysiology of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and therapeutic strategies. (A) The process of IRI involves a series of complex events, such as mitochondrial deenergization, metabolic acidosis, adenosine-5'-triphosphate depletion, Kupffer cell activation, calcium overload, oxidative stress, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine signal transduction. (B) Currently, there are three mainstream therapeutic strategies to attenuate hepatic IRI. IPC, ischemic preconditioning; IPostC, ischemic post-conditioning; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species.