Table 3.
Echocardiographic parameters in MAFLD patients vs. controls.
| Variable | Total (n = 75) | MAFLD (n = 38) | Controls (n = 37) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVEF (%), mean (SD) | 51.187 (6.887) | 49.632 (6.851) | 52.784 (6.638) | 0.047 |
| Stroke volume (ml), mean (SD) | 50.032 (14.104) | 53.158 (13.257) | 46.821 (14.4) | 0.051 |
| Cardiac output, median (IQR) | 3.498 (2.815–4.35) | 3.761 (3.005–5.139) | 3.131 (2.574–3.96) | 0.034 |
| Early diastolic peak velocity - E (m/s), mean (SD) | 0.76 (0.192) | 0.681 (0.17) | 0.842 (0.18) | <0.001 |
| Late diastolic peak velocity - A (m/s), median (IQR) | 0.51 (0.43–0.735) | 0.72 (0.485–0.802) | 0.48 (0.42–0.55) | <0.001 |
| E/A ratio, median (IQR) | 1.411 (1.007–1.819) | 1.124 (0.706–1.425) | 1.8 (1.364–2) | <0.001 |
| Early diastolic velocity – e′ (m/s), median (IQR) | 0.13 (0.105–0.17) | 0.11 (0.082–0.13) | 0.17 (0.14–0.2) | <0.001 |
| Late diastolic velocity – a′ (m/s), median (IQR) | 0.09 (0.07–0.13) | 0.09 (0.08–0.158) | 0.09 (0.07–0.13) | 0.276 |
| e′/a′ ratio, median (IQR) | 1.5 (0.875–2.143) | 1.019 (0.722–1.639) | 1.7 (1.455–2.429) | <0.001 |
| E/e′ ratio, median (IQR) | 5.4 (4.393–6.833) | 6.167 (4.932–7.372) | 5.095 (4.048–5.7) | 0.008 |
| GLS – Long axis view (%), median (IQR) | 20.1 (17.9–22.2) | 18.6 (17.4–20.675) | 21.4 (19.1–22.6) | 0.002 |
| GLS – 4-chamber view (%), median (IQR) | 18.7 (17.1–20.6) | 17.7 (15.925–19.325) | 20.4 (18.2–21.9) | <0.001 |
| GLS – 2-chamber view (%), median (IQR) | 18.1 (15.5–20.7) | 16.05 (14.525–17.9) | 20.3 (19–21.9) | <0.001 |
| GLS – Average (%), median (IQR) | 18.967 (17.333–20.917) | 17.65 (16.408–18.892) | 20.733 (19.067–22.267) | <0.001 |
GLS global longitudinal strain, IQR interquartile range, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MAFLD metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, SD standard deviation.