Table 1.
Demographics
| DM | No DM (n = 73) | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin (n = 34) | No Metformin (n = 41) | Metformin vs. no metformin | Metformin vs. no DM | No metformin vs. No DM | ||
| Age (years) | 60 ± 18 | 67 ± 14 | 55 ± 19 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.0006 |
| Male, n (%) | 20 (59) | 20 (49) | 48 (66) | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0.08 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| African American | 24 (71) | 30 (73) | 43 (59) | 0.85 | 0.23 | 0.14 |
| Hispanic | 5 (15) | 5 (12) | 8 (11) | 0.71 | 0.56 | 0.87 |
| Caucasian | 4 (12) | 4 (10) | 22 (30) | 0.78 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Asian | 1 (3) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.67 | 0.14 | 0.055 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 35.1 ± 11.6 | 32.1 ± 8.0 | 34.1 ± 11.8 | 0.19 | 0.68 | 0.34 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 28 (82) | 37 (90) | 43 (60) | 0.32 | 0.02 | 0.0008 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 17 (50) | 25 (61) | 24 (33) | 0.34 | 0.09 | 0.004 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 21 (64) | 19 (46) | 40 (56) | 0.12 | 0.44 | 0.31 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 10 (29) | 12 (29) | 10 (14) | 1.00 | 0.07 | 0.053 |
| Respiratory disease, n (%) | 7 (21) | 14 (34) | 19 (26) | 0.22 | 0.58 | 0.37 |
| Neurological disease/mental illness | 6 (18) | 12 (29) | 19 (26) | 0.27 | 0.37 | 0.73 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 2 (6) | 12 (29) | 6 (8) | 0.01 | 0.71 | 0.003 |
| Liver disease, n (%) | 2 (6) | 4 (10) | 2 (3) | 0.53 | 0.46 | 0.12 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 1 (3) | 3 (7) | 6 (8) | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.85 |
| Sequential organ failure assessment score | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 4.2 ± 3.7 | 3.0 ± 3.0 | 0.002 | 0.07 | 0.06 |