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. 2022 Jan 4;9:788773. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.788773

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Copyright © 2022 Zarka, Haÿ and Cohen-Solal.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bone and cartilage cells differentiation (A) Osteoblasts differentiation are characterized by the expression of different markers according to the stage of differentiation. Pre-osteoblasts expressed early osteoblastic genes such as Osterix while old osteoblasts/osteocytes expressed late osteoblastic genes such as DMP-1. (B) Chondrocytes differentiates from proliferating chondrocytes expressing Col2a1 in the surface layer through an hypertrophic phenotype characterized by the expression of late markers such as Col10.