Table 2.
Subgroup analyses by sperm DNA fragmentation assay, definition of recurrent miscarriage, sperm preservation and ethnicity.
| Outcomes | N | Model used | Heterogeneity | Pooled WMD | Begg’s test P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I2 (%) | P value | WMD (95 CI) | P value | ||||
| Assay | |||||||
| SCD | 3 | Fixed-effects | 0.0 | 0.606 | 2.15 (1.62 to 2.68) | <0.001 | |
| TUNEL | 2 | Random-effects | 99.7 | <0.001 | 16.70 (-4.27 to 37.68) | 0.118 | |
| AOT | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| SCSA | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| AB staining | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Overall | 8 | Random-effects | 99.4 | <0.001 | 8.45 (1.48 to 15.42) | 0.018 | 1.000 |
| Definition of RPL | |||||||
| RPL≥3 times | 3 | Random-effects | 61.3 | 0.0076 | 3.33 (1.20 to 5.46) | 0.002 | |
| RPL≥2 times | 5 | Random-effects | 99.4 | <0.001 | 11.22 (1.26 to 21.19) | 0.027 | |
| Overall | 8 | Random-effects | 99.4 | <0.001 | 8.45 (1.48 to 15.42) | 0.018 | 1,000 |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| Asian | 5 | Random-effects | 95.6 | <0.001 | 5.90 (2.30 to 9.50) | 0.001 | |
| Caucasian | 3 | Random-effects | 99.6 | <0.001 | 12.40 (-3.89 to 28.69) | 0.136 | |
| Overall | 8 | Random-effects | 99.4 | <0.001 | 8.45 (1.48 to 15.42) | 0.018 | 1.000 |