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. 2022 Jan 4;12:802632. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.802632

Table 2.

Subgroup analyses by sperm DNA fragmentation assay, definition of recurrent miscarriage, sperm preservation and ethnicity.

Outcomes N Model used Heterogeneity Pooled WMD Begg’s test P
I2 (%) P value WMD (95 CI) P value
Assay
SCD 3 Fixed-effects 0.0 0.606 2.15 (1.62 to 2.68) <0.001
TUNEL 2 Random-effects 99.7 <0.001 16.70 (-4.27 to 37.68) 0.118
AOT 1 NA NA NA NA NA
SCSA 1 NA NA NA NA NA
AB staining 1 NA NA NA NA NA
Overall 8 Random-effects 99.4 <0.001 8.45 (1.48 to 15.42) 0.018 1.000
Definition of RPL
RPL≥3 times 3 Random-effects 61.3 0.0076 3.33 (1.20 to 5.46) 0.002
RPL≥2 times 5 Random-effects 99.4 <0.001 11.22 (1.26 to 21.19) 0.027
Overall 8 Random-effects 99.4 <0.001 8.45 (1.48 to 15.42) 0.018 1,000
Ethnicity
Asian 5 Random-effects 95.6 <0.001 5.90 (2.30 to 9.50) 0.001
Caucasian 3 Random-effects 99.6 <0.001 12.40 (-3.89 to 28.69) 0.136
Overall 8 Random-effects 99.4 <0.001 8.45 (1.48 to 15.42) 0.018 1.000