TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline and after RYGB in patients with diabetes and normal glucose tolerance before and 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year after RYGB
| Diabetes | NGT | Mixed‐effect model ANOVA | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | 1‐week | 3 months | 1‐year | Before | 1‐week | 3 months | 1‐year | Time | Group | Time x Group | |
| Male : female | 4 : 6 | 4 : 4 | 4 : 6 | 4 : 5 | 3 : 7 | 3 : 5 | 3 : 7 | 3 : 6 | — | — | — |
| Age (years) | 43 ± 10 | 40 ± 9 | — | 0.43 | — | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 38.9 ± 1.6 | 37.3 ± 1.7 | 33.1 ± 1.5 | 30.8 ± 1.7 | 40.2 ± 0.8 | 37.9 ± 0.9 | 33.2 ± 1.1 | 28.5 ± 1.5 | <0.01 | 0.48 | <0.01 |
| Weight (kg) | 121 ± 9 | 118 ± 9 | 103 ± 8 | 96 ± 8 | 117 ± 5 | 112 ± 6 | 97 ± 5 | 83 ± 5 | <0.01 | 0.52 | 0.06 |
| sCD163 (mg/L) | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.08 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 35 ± 9 | 55 ± 8 | 33 ± 7 | 35 ± 6 | 27 ± 3 | 52 ± 15 | 21 ± 4 | 32 ± 11 | <0.01 | 0.44 | 0.86 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 8.7 ± 0.5 | 6.6 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 4.8 ± 0.04 | 0.45 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 53 ± 3.3 | — | 41 ± 2.2 | 39 ± 2.2 | 36 ± 1.1 | — | 34 ± 1.1 | 34 ± 1.1 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Basal Ra (mg/min) | 207 ± 15 | 174 ± 11 | 176 ± 14 | 170 ± 11 | 175 ± 6 | 157 ± 9 | 166 ± 12 | 163 ± 8 | <0.01 | 0.26 | 0.22 |
| HISI | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 7.7 ± 2.8 | 9.0 ± 1.9 | 8.7 ± 1.6 | 6.0 ± 0.4 | 9.2 ± 1.2 | 11.9 ± 1.2 | 12.6 ± 1.1 | <0.01 | 0.16 | 0.39 |
| Rd/Iffm (mg/kgffm/min per pmol/L) | 14.0 ± 2.2 | 16.2 ± 3.0 | 24.7 ± 3.1 | 25.8 ± 4.0 | 22.1 ± 3.1 | 18.0 ± 2.0 | 30.5 ± 2.9 | 38.7 ± 6.5 | <0.01 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| Fasting fatty acids (μmol/L) | 705 ± 56 | 841 ± 36 | 740 ± 52 | 519 ± 31 | 635 ± 67 | 787 ± 41 | 670 ± 50 | 567 ± 71 | <0.01 | 0.34 | 0.37 |
| Suppression of fatty acids (%) during HEC | 80 ± 3 | 69 ± 4 | 89 ± 2 | 95 ± 1 | 86 ± 2 | 86 ± 3 | 93 ± 1 | 95 ± 1 | <0.01 | 0.07 | <0.01 |
| Fasting triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.61 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| Fasting adiponectin (μg/ml) | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 8.5 ± 1.5 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 8.4 ± 1.0 | 12.5 ± 1.4 | <0.01 | 0.28 | 0.02 |
Parameters are presented as means ± standard error of mean and as total number for categorical variables.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; BMI, body mass index; HEC, hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp; HISI, hepatic insulin sensitivity; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; Ra, rate of appearance of glucose; Rd/Iffm, glucose disposal adjusted for clamp insulin concentration and fat‐free mass (muscle insulin sensitivity); sCD163, soluble CD163.