Table 3.
Participant characteristics and MVPA levels by specific time of day of temporally consistent exercise
| Early morning (n = 205) |
Late morning (n = 81) |
Afternoon (n = 52) |
Evening (n = 141) |
F or X2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Participant Characteristics | ||||||
| Age, M (SD) | 53.6 (12.8) | 59.1 (14.3) | 55.2 (13.5) | 48.5 (13.0) | 10.50 | <.001 |
| Baseline BMI, M (SD) | 26.1 (4.0) | 26.3 (4.4) | 26.9 (4.9) | 27.0 (5.5) | 1.27 | .284 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.59 | .899 | ||||
| Female | 115 (62.2%) | 43 (64.2%) | 28 (58.3%) | 84 (64.1%) | ||
| Male | 70 (37.8%) | 24 (35.8%) | 20 (41.7%) | 47 (35.9%) | ||
| Race, n (%) | 2.15 | .543 | ||||
| White | 176 (95.1%) | 65 (97.0%) | 44 (91.7%) | 122 (93.1%) | ||
| African American/Black | 3 (1.6%) | 1 (1.5%) | 2 (4.2%) | 4 (3.1%) | ||
| Asian American | 2 (1.1%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.5%) | ||
| Other | 4 (2.2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (4.2%) | 3 (2.3%) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 6.96 | .073 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic | 180 (97.3%) | 67 (100.0%) | 45 (93.8%) | 130 (99.2%) | ||
| Hispanic | 5 (2.7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (6.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | ||
| Employment Status, n (%) | 25.82 | <.001 | ||||
| Employed | 151 (81.6%) | 37 (55.2%) | 34 (70.8%) | 111 (84.7%) | ||
| Not employed | 34 (18.4%) | 30 (44.8%) | 14 (29.2%) | 20 (15.3%) | ||
| Maximum Weight Loss (kg; M[SD]) | 39.2 (16.9) | 38.8 (19.2) | 38.5 (12.6) | 35.6 (13.9) | 1.29 | .276 |
| Time Weight Loss Maintained (years; M[SD]) | 3.6 (4.0) | 3.9 (5.4) | 5.3 (8.5) | 4.4 (5.5) | 1.25 | .292 |
| MVPA Levels | ||||||
| Baseline MVPA levels | ||||||
| Min/wk, mdn (Q1, Q3) | 355.0 (237.5, 600.0) | 325.0 (177.5, 605.0) | 320.0 (141.3, 476.3) | 330.0 (177.5, 540.0) | 2.04 | .108 |
| Days/wk, EMM (SE) | 5.0 (.12) | 5.0 (.20) | 4.6 (.23) | 4.5 (.14) | -- | -- |
| Follow-up MVPA levels | ||||||
| Min/wk, mdn (Q1, Q3) | 340.0 (200.0, 562.5) | 350.0 (170.0, 630.0) | 300.0 (165.0, 431.3) | 285.0 (150.0, 505.0) | 2.25 | .082 |
| Days/wk, EMM (SE) | 4.5 (.16) | 4.3 (.27) | 4.3 (.31) | 4.0 (.19) | -- | -- |
Note. Quade’s ANCOVA was used to assess differences in MVPA min/wk by timing group when controlling for age and employment status; however, raw medians and quartile values are reported for interpretability. Post-hoc tests: age -- early morning < late morning, p=.022; evening < other groups, p’s<.05; employment -- fewer late morning exercisers were employed, p<.001, Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.