Table 3.

Results of bivariate and multivariate analysis.

	Neurological		Mood disorders		Systemic		Respiratory		Musculoskeletal		Ears, nose, and throat		Dermatological		Gastrointestinal
	30 days	90 days	30 days	90 days	30 days	90 days	30 days	90 days	30 days	90 days	30 days	90 days	30 days	90 days	30 days	90 days
	(N = 934)	(N = 491)	(N = 931)	(N = 492)	(N = 828)	(N = 379)	(N = 933)	(N = 491)	(N = 930)	(N = 492)	(N = 752)	(N = 331)	(N = 932)	(N = 491)	(N = 932)	(N = 348)
Sex (male vs female)	0.59 (0.43−0.81)**	0.38 (0.24−0.62)***	0.57 (0.41−0.78)**	0.42 (0.25−0.70)**	0.85 (0.62−1.16)	0.51 (0.29−0.90)*	0.54 (0.39−0.76)***	0.73 (0.42−1.26)	0.59 (0.42−0.82)**	0.50 (0.30−0.84)**	0.75 (0.51−1.10)	0.71 (0.36−1.37)	0.27 (0.18−0.41)***	0.27 (0.16−0.45)***	0.69 (0.41−1.16)	0.38 (0.14−1.01)
Age (1 year increase)	1 (0.99−1.01)	1 (0.98−1.01)	1 (0.99−1.01)	0.98 (0.97−1.00)	0.99 (0.98−1.01)	0.98 (0.96−1.01)	0.99 (0.98−1)	0.99 (0.97−1.01)	1 (0.99−1.02)	0.99 (0.97−1.01)	0.98 (0.97−1.00)	0.97 (0.94−0.99)	0.99 (0.98−1.00)	0.98 (0.96−1)	0.99 (0.97−1.01)	1 (0.96−1.05)
Middle school (vs elementary or less)	1.4 (0.9−2.18)	1.02 (0.54−1.94)	1.02 (0.65−1.60)	1.02 (0.53−1.99)	1.38 (0.86−2.22)	1.19 (0.53−2.69)	1.14 (0.7−1.85)	1.24 (0.58−2.65)	1.09 (0.68−1.74)	1.13 (0.57−2.26)	1.09 (0.63−1.88)	1.64 (0.65−4.11)	1.38 (0.79−2.43)	0.94 (0.48−1.85)	1.17 (0.53−2.61)	1.57 (0.34−7.34)
High school (vs elementary or less)	1.41 (0.92−2.16)	1.06 (0.56−1.98)	1.07 (0.69−1.65)	0.74 (0.38−1.44)	0.96 (0.6−1.53)	0.96 (0.42−2.21)	1.5 (0.94−2.4)	1.53 (0.72−3.25)	1.38 (0.88−2.16)	1.24 (0.62−2.46)	0.86 (0.51−1.47)	0.56 (0.21−1.53)	1.43 (0.83−2.46)	0.94 (0.48−1.82)	1.24 (0.57−2.69)	0.87 (0.18−4.26)
College or higher (vs elementary or less)	1.22 (0.78−1.92)	1.53 (0.81−2.89)	0.97 (0.61−1.53)	0.83 (0.42−1.62)	1.55 (0.96−2.5)	1.19 (0.52−2.73)	1.63 (1−2.65)	1.44 (0.67−3.07)	0.92 (0.57−1.48)	0.86 (0.43−1.75)	1.11 (0.64−1.91)	1.52 (0.59−3.87)	1.05 (0.59−1.89)	1.14 (0.58−2.23)	1.23 (0.55−2.76)	2.18 (0.47−10.11)
Diabetes mellitus (vs non-DM)	1.21 (0.87−1.68)	0.81 (0.5−1.3)	1.17 (0.84−1.63)	0.78 (0.47−1.3)	0.87 (0.62−1.24)	1.06 (0.59−1.92)	0.91 (0.64−1.3)	0.78 (0.44−1.38)	1.17 (0.83−1.64)	0.65 (0.38−1.09)	1.02 (0.68−1.52)	0.71 (0.36−1.41)	0.89 (0.58−1.35)	1.21 (0.74−1.98)	1.14 (0.64−2.04)	0.79 (0.27−2.32)
Hypertension (vs non-HT)	1.04 (0.75−1.44)	0.66 (0.41−1.07)	1.13 (0.81−1.57)	0.66 (0.39−1.12)	0.96 (0.68−1.37)	0.75 (0.4−1.41)	1.14 (0.81−1.62)	1.39 (0.8−2.43)	1.16 (0.83−1.63)	0.94 (0.55−1.58)	1.15 (0.77−1.73)	0.72 (0.36−1.45)	0.52 (0.34−0.81)**	0.81 (0.49−1.35)	1.31 (0.73−2.34)	0.39 (0.11−1.33)
Obesity (vs normal weight)	1.1 (0.74−1.64)	1.52 (0.86−2.68)	1.33 (0.89−2.01)	1.38 (0.76−2.53)	1.28 (0.82−1.98)	1.03 (0.49−2.18)	1.63 (1.06−2.51)*	0.7 (0.37−1.3)	1.28 (0.84−1.95)	1.35 (0.73−2.5)	0.99 (0.6−1.63)	1.16 (0.5−2.7)	1.02 (0.64−1.62)	1.21 (0.67−2.17)	0.68 (0.36−1.31)	1.51 (0.42−5.42)
HFNC requirement (vs no requirement)	1.05 (0.68−1.61)	1.65 (0.79−3.49)	1.1 (0.71−1.69)	1.26 (0.55−2.88)	1.35 (0.87−2.1)	1.01 (0.44−2.35)	1.53 (0.98−2.41)	1.11 (0.45−2.71)	1.57 (1.01−2.45)*	1.32 (0.56−3.13)	1.28 (0.79−2.09)	0.34 (0.11−1.02)	1.19 (0.68−2.09)	1.14 (0.53−2.47)	0.74 (0.33−1.64)	0.39 (0.04−3.82)
IMV (vs no requirement)	1.69 (0.84−3.41)	0.96 (0.34−2.74)	1.73 (0.86−3.51)	1.08 (0.35−3.33)	1.34 (0.66−2.74)	0.4 (0.1−1.64)	1.12 (0.55−2.29)	0.42 (0.12−1.47)	0.7 (0.33−1.46)	0.88 (0.27−2.84)	0.58 (0.26−1.28)	3.29 (0.81−13.42)	1.57 (0.67−3.68)	0.86 (0.28−2.62)	0.57 (0.13−2.45)	1 (0−0)
Dexamethasone at hospital (vs no use)	0.88 (0.63−1.22)	0.87 (0.53−1.42)	0.91 (0.65−1.28)	0.62 (0.36−1.05)	1.09 (0.76−1.56)	0.93 (0.51−1.68)	0.68 (0.47−0.97)*	0.61 (0.34−1.1)	0.68 (0.48−0.98)*	0.63 (0.36−1.08)	1.13 (0.74−1.73)	1.1 (0.57−2.12)	0.64 (0.42−0.97)*	1.51 (0.91−2.51)	0.98 (0.56−1.71)	0.46 (0.16−1.35)
Hemoglobin < 12.5 g/dL (vs normal levels)	0.96 (0.66−1.39)	1.15 (0.68−1.96)	1.29 (0.88−1.88)	1.06 (0.61−1.85)	1.53 (1.01−2.31)	1.03 (0.52−2.07)	0.89 (0.6−1.33)	0.53 (0.28−1.02)	0.81 (0.54−1.2)	0.7 (0.39−1.25)	1.16 (0.73−1.83)	1.8 (0.81−3.98)	1.41 (0.91−2.16)	1.2 (0.69−2.09)	1.34 (0.71−2.52)	0.49 (0.13−1.77)
D dimer > 1000 to > 1500 ng/mL (vs normal levels)	1.14 (0.72−1.82)	1.06 (0.53−2.11)	1.18 (0.74−1.89)	1.07 (0.52−2.2)	1 (0.6−1.66)	0.87 (0.34−2.22)	1.08 (0.66−1.76)	2.19 (1.02−4.69)*	1.12 (0.69−1.83)	2.56 (1.25−5.24)*	2.01 (1.18−3.41)*	1.17 (0.45−3.08)	1.61 (0.93−2.78)	0.35 (0.15−0.78)*	1.17 (0.53−2.57)	0.5 (0.09−2.7)
D-dimer > 1500 ng/mL (vs normal levels)	0.82 (0.51−1.29)	1.23 (0.66−2.32)	0.82 (0.51−1.31)	1.27 (0.65−2.47)	1.05 (0.64−1.71)	1.1 (0.49−2.47)	1.11 (0.68−1.79)	2.61 (1.29−5.29)**	1.07 (0.66−1.73)	2.30 (1.16−4.53)*	1.14 (0.65−2.01)	0.9 (0.36−2.27)	0.81 (0.44−1.49)	0.82 (0.42−1.59)	0.86 (0.36−2.03)	2.03 (0.59−6.95)
Ferritin > 336.2 μg/L (vs ⩽ 336.2 μg/L)	0.9 (0.64−1.26)	1.17 (0.72−1.9)	0.96 (0.68−1.36)	1.56 (0.93−2.64)	–	–	1.26 (0.88−1.8)	0.69 (0.39−1.2)	1.03 (0.72−1.48)	0.98 (0.58−1.67)	0.8 (0.54−1.21)	1.11 (0.56−2.19)	0.81 (0.53−1.25)	1.12 (0.66−1.89)	–	–
LDH > 233 UI/L (⩽233 UI/L)	0.92 (0.67−1.27)	1 (0.64−1.57)	1.00 (0.72−1.39)	0.92 (0.57−1.48)	0.74 (0.53−1.03)	0.82 (0.47−1.44)	0.73 (0.52−1.03)	1.15 (0.68−1.95)	1.03 (0.74−1.45)	0.71 (0.43−1.16)	0.74 (0.5−1.09)	0.54 (0.28−1.04)	0.89 (0.59−1.35)	1.82 (1.12−2.94)*	0.81 (0.46−1.4)	0.71 (0.25−1.99)
Absolute lymphocytes < 1000 (vs ⩾1000)	1.07 (0.77−1.48)	0.64 (0.41−1.02)	1.19 (0.86−1.66)	0.75 (0.46−1.22)	0.76 (0.53−1.07)	0.69 (0.39−1.23)	1.15 (0.81−1.62)	1.01 (0.6−1.71)	1.27 (0.9−1.79)	0.64 (0.38−1.07)	1.13 (0.76−1.68)	0.74 (0.39−1.41)	1.75 (1.16−2.64)**	0.92 (0.57−1.48)	0.92 (0.51−1.64)	0.93 (0.33−2.62)
Hospital stay (per day increase)	1.03 (1.00−1.05)*	1.01 (0.97−1.04)	0.99 (0.97−1.02)	1.02 (0.98−1.06)	1 (0.97−1.02)	1.03 (0.99−1.07)	1.03 (1.00−1.05)*	1.05 (1.01−1.09)*	1.01 (0.99−1.04)	1.02 (0.98−1.06)	1.02 (0.99−1.05)	0.99 (0.95−1.04)	1.01 (0.98−1.04)	1 (0.97−1.04)	1.02 (0.98−1.06)	1 (0.92−1.09)

HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.

Red cells indicate a higher association. Green cells indicate a lower association.

^*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001