Table 1.

Study Measures and Their Operationalization.

Study Measures	Operationalization (References)
Internal DKS	Digital sharing of knowledge throughout a department or an entire organization (Cummings, 2004; Yang, 2004).
External DKS	Digital sharing of knowledge through knowledge networks outside an organization (Carmeli et al., 2013; Pacheco et al., 2020).
CP	Individual employee's generation of novel ideas, products, procedures, or problem solutions that are potentially useful for an organization (Amabile, 1996; Zhou and Oldham, 2001).
Demographics	Demographics are operationalized as age (Romero et al., 2012), gender (Ma and Yuen, 2011), position of an employee as either a manager or non-manager (Hu and Randel, 2014), organization size in terms of the number of employees (Serenko et al., 2007), and organization type as either private or public (Hartley and Benington, 2006).
Individual factors	Individual factors are operationalized as stress (work-related) (Hon et al., 2013), motivation (intrinsic and pro-social) (Golden and Gajendran, 2019; Grant and Berry, 2011), and use of digital platforms (tools for video meetings, enterprise social media, file-sharing, etc.) (Golden and Raghuram, 2010; Wasko and Faraj, 2005).
Organizational factors	Organizational factors taken into consideration are the impact of the pandemic crisis and innovative climate. Impact of crisis refers to the implications of a crisis for an organization in terms of KS and creativity (Cohen and Cromwell, 2020; Ford et al., 2008). Innovative climate refers to the shared perception among the employees regarding openness to new ideas (Goh et al., 2020; Van der Vegt et al., 2005).