Fig. 1.

Scholarly impact and distribution of race and gender of authors by field. Average number of raw and field-normalized citations by group. Over- and underrepresentation of groups by discipline, with respect of their average proportion in all fields. Distribution of the average number of raw citations by specialty within each discipline; the hinges of the box correspond to the first and third quartiles, the whiskers extend to the lowest values no further than 1.5 time the interquartile range (IQR) from the hinge, and dots represent values further than 1.5 times IQR. Data consist of US first authors within the WOS from 2008 to 2019. Racial categories from the census corresponding to AIAN and two or more were excluded from the racial inference because of lack of data. On the vertical axis, fields are sorted by the relative over/underrepresentation of Black women authors. On top, we show the average number of citations by group, while on the right, each boxplot summarizes the distribution of citations of all papers published in those fields.