Figure 11. GCV treatment and neurological functions.

(A) GCV treatment and hearing ability. Hearing ability was determined by ABR test on mice in 4 groups (naive, mock, MCMV, and MCMV+GCV). Examples of 10 ms audiograms of mice from each group over a range of frequencies (clicks) are shown. ABR thresholds were recorded and analyzed by 1-way ANOVA. (B) GCV treatment and short-term learning-memory ability. Short-term learning-memory was assessed by fear conditioning test. Proportion of freezing time and number of freezing events were recorded. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA. (C) GCV treatment and anxiety-like behavior in EPMT. The general anxiety to open spaces was evaluated by the EPMT. Representative heatmaps of mouse movement tracks and durations are shown. Time spent in the open arms (indicated by white dashed line), percentage of entries to the open arms versus total counts, and number of rearing events of mice were recorded. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA. (D) GCV treatment and anxiety-like behavior in OFT. OFT was performed to assess anxiety-like behavior to open area. Representative heatmaps of movement tracks and durations are shown. Total traveled distance, percentage of time traveled in the center, and number of rearing events were measured. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA. (E) GCV treatment and spatial learning-memory. Spatial learning-memory abilities were determined by MWM test. Mice were trained in the maze for 6 days and tested on the eighth day. Representative heatmaps of movement tracks and durations are shown. Total time of finding the target platform from day 1 to day 6 and the percentages of time in second quadrant on day 8 were recorded. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA at each time point. For all statistical tests, results are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.