Table 6.
Area treated per day
| Crop groups | Cultivation( a ) | Area treated per day (ha) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Handheld equipment( b ) | Vehicle‐mounted equipment | ||
| Field crops | Outdoor | – | 50 |
| Low vegetables | Outdoor | 4/1 | 50 |
| Indoor | 1 | – | |
| High vegetables | Outdoor | 4/1 | 10( c ) |
| Indoor | 1 | – | |
| Low berries | Outdoor | 4/1 | 50 |
| Indoor | 1 | – | |
| Cane fruit/High berries | Outdoor | 4/1 | 10( c ) |
| Indoor | 1 | – | |
| Orchards | Outdoor | 4/1 | 10( c ) |
| Oil fruits | Outdoor | 4/1 | 10( c ) |
| Amenity grassland ( d ) | Outdoor | 4/1 | 50 |
| Agricultural grassland ( e ) | Outdoor | – | 50 |
| Viticulture | Outdoor | 4/1 | 10( c ) |
| Hops ( f ) | Outdoor | 4/1 | 10( c ) |
| Low ornamentals | Outdoor | 4/1 | 50 |
| Indoor | 1 | – | |
| High ornamentals | Outdoor | 4/1 | 10( c ) |
| Indoor | 1 | – | |
| Bare arable land ( g ) | Outdoor | – | 50 |
| Indoor | 1 | – | |
| Bare non‐arable land ( h ) | Outdoor | 4/1 | 50 |
‘Outdoor’ is understood to mean all areas that are outdoors and have little or no barrier to the free distribution of PPP into the environment when it is applied (e.g. direct cover if covered after application of PPP). ‘Indoor’ means all areas that offer a certain barrier to free distribution of the PPP in the environment when applied (e.g. high and low technology greenhouses). Please see EFSA Guidance Document for details on the individual structures (EFSA, 2014a). For partially protected or entirely protected crops, the greenhouse model should be used for operators, workers, residents and bystanders.
The first value should be used for handheld application using tank sprayers with lances and the second value for other equipment (e.g. knapsack sprayers in low or high crops); for upwards spraying with handheld equipment on dense foliage, the area treated is 1 ha. For indoor uses, the area treated is always 1 ha without tractor‐mounted application. Note: Dense/normal scenario is a parameter only relevant for operators (depending on e.g. growth stage and crop cultivation) and based upon measured exposure values from the AOEM/Greenhouse AOEM studies. It is applicable to outdoor uses in orchards and cane fruits and for all indoor uses.
Also applicable to herbicide application; data based on subset of high crop treatment with small area downward spraying equipment (e.g. equipment with smaller spray booms and normally only a few nozzles).
Amenity grassland and managed amenity turf – includes e.g. semi‐natural or planted grassland such as golf course roughs, frequently mown areas, grass grown for turf production, public parks, sports turf, golf greens, tees and fairways.
Agricultural grassland – includes grass fodder crops and similar forage crops e.g. short‐ and long‐term grass leys, permanent pasture, lucerne or alfalfa and clovers.
Hops are typically treated using vehicle‐mounted sprayers; however, occasionally localised spot treatments within the hop yard are applied. These applications can involve handheld sprayers. To account for such applications the default areas for handheld equipment shown should be assumed. However, where the estimate indicates high exposure, this should be considered carefully, and reliable use information should be provided to support a refined estimate as the default areas are likely to overestimate application by spot treatments.
In the online calculator, there are no specific data on bare soil; however, it was considered that for spraying application downwards on soil (e.g. herbicides in pre‐emergence), the same data as for application in low crops, tractor‐mounted, can be used. Planting activities in a bare soil are not covered by the present guidance; however, exposure to soil‐borne residue occurring in the absence of contact with treated foliage is provided.
‘Outdoor’ is understood to mean all areas that are outdoors and have little or no barrier to the free distribution of PPP into the environment when it is applied (e.g. direct cover if covered after application of PPP). ‘Indoor’ means all areas that offer a certain barrier to free distribution of the PPP in the environment when applied (e.g. high and low technology greenhouses). Please see EFSA Guidance Document for details on the individual structures (EFSA, 2014a). For partially protected or entirely protected crops, the greenhouse model should be used for operators, workers, residents and bystanders.