Table 2.
Implicit race and gender attitudes overall and by sample characteristics (N = 111)
| Implicit racea |
Implicit gendera |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | M (SD) | Cohen’s db | pc | M (SD) | Cohen’s d | p | |
| Total sample | 0.30 (0.43) | 0.68 | <0.001 | 0.38 (0.33) | 1.15 | <0.001 | |
| Age | 0.77 | 0.40 | |||||
| 30–39 | 38 | 0.25 (0.42) | 0.60 | 0.40 (0.27) | 1.52 | ||
| 40–49 | 29 | 0.36 (0.43) | 0.84 | 0.30 (0.35) | 0.86 | ||
| 50–59 | 25 | 0.28 (0.50) | 0.70 | 0.45 (0.38) | 1.18 | ||
| 60+ | 19 | 0.34 (0.4) | 0.85 | 0.39 (0.36) | 1.08 | ||
| Self-reported gender identity | 0.74 | 0.41 | |||||
| Male | 33 | 0.41 (0.44) | 0.93 | 0.41 (0.30) | 1.37 | ||
| Female | 73 | 0.26 (0.42) | 0.62 | 0.37 (0.35) | 1.12 | ||
| Ethnicity | 0.80 | 0.46 | |||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 8 | 0.27 (0.45) | 0.60 | 0.48 (0.39) | 1.23 | ||
| Non-Hispanic or Latino | 103 | 0.30 (0.44) | 0.68 | 0.37 (0.33) | 1.12 | ||
| Race | <0.001 | 0.80 | |||||
| White | 81 | 0.37 (0.40) | 0.93 | 0.36 (0.35) | 1.11 | ||
| Asian | 10 | 0.54 (0.28) | 1.93 | 0.43 (0.28) | 1.54 | ||
| Black | 12 | −0.25 (0.29) | 0.86 | 0.42 (0.30) | 1.40 | ||
| Mixed/other | 8 | 0.15 (0.42) | 0.34 | 0.45 (0.35) | 1.29 | ||
| Provider type | 0.71 | 0.39 | |||||
| Medical doctor (MD) | 63 | 0.32 (0.43) | 0.74 | 0.36 (0.33) | 1.09 | ||
| Nurse practitioner (NP)/physician assistant (PA) | 23 | 0.35 (0.36) | 0.97 | 0.36 (0.33) | 1.00 | ||
| Other | 25 | 0.24 (0.50) | 0.48 | 0.46 (0.32) | 1.44 | ||
| U.S. Census Region | 0.04 | 0.73 | |||||
| Northeast | 25 | 0.41 (0.39) | 1.05 | 0.41 (0.34) | 1.21 | ||
| Midwest | 22 | 0.43 (0.36) | 1.19 | 0.41 (0.28) | 1.46 | ||
| South | 45 | 0.17 (0.45) | 0.38 | 0.38 (0.36) | 1.06 | ||
| West | 19 | 0.33 (0.47) | 0.70 | 0.33 (0.47) | 1.21 | ||
| Healthcare system | 0.84 | 0.33 | |||||
| Academic Healthcare System | 80 | 0.31 (0.40) | 0.78 | 0.21 | 0.39 (0.32) | 1.22 | |
| Community Healthcare System | 21 | 0.32 (0.58) | 0.55 | 0.39 (0.37) | 1.05 | ||
| Other | 8 | 0.23 (0.40) | 0.56 | 0.22 (0.41) | 0.55 | ||
| Continuing education past year: race | 0.22 | 0.16 | |||||
| Yes | 74 | 0.27 (0.46) | 0.59 | 0.35 (0.35) | 1.00 | ||
| No | 37 | 0.36 (0.38) | 0.95 | 0.43 (0.31) | 1.39 | ||
|
Continuing education past year: gender equity |
0.43 | 0.30 | |||||
| Yes | 50 | 0.29 (0.40) | 0.73 | 0.40 (0.36) | 1.39 | ||
| No | 61 | 0.31 (0.46) | 0.67 | 0.35 (0.35) | 1.00 | ||
aFor implicit measures, a positive score favors White on Race IAT and male and career on the Gender IAT, and a negative score indicates favoring Black/African American and female with family.
bCohen d values are interpreted as follows: d = 0.2, small effect; d = 0.5, medium effect; and d = 0.80, large effect, Cohen, 1988.
cANOVA and t-test of significance [value = 0]. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).