Table 3.

Explicit race and gender attitudes overall and by sample characteristics (N = 111)

		Explicit Racea			Explicit careerb,c				Explicit familyb, c
	N	M (SD)	Cohen’s d	p	M (SD)	Cohen’s d	p	M (SD)		Cohen’s d	p
Total sample	111	0.04 (0.74)	0.05	0.61	0.66 (0.97)	0.68	<0.001	0.83(1.00)		0.83	<0.001
Age				0.23			0.95				0.77
30–39	38	−0.16 (0.89)	0.18		0.73 (1.04)	0.96		−0.79 (1.12)		0.71
40–49	29	0.10 (0.67)	0.15		0.62 (1.05)	0.92		−0.97 (0.82)		1.18
50–59	25	0.12 (0.67)	0.30		0.67 (0.82)	0.81		−0.88 1.03)		0.97
60+	19	0.22 (0.55)	0.41		0.58 (0.96)	0.6		−0.67 (0.97)		0.69
Self-reported gender identity				0.18			0.86				0.08
Male	32	0.16 (0.63)	0.25		0.5 (0.95)	0.53		−0.82 (0.81)		1.01
Female	78	−0.01 (0.78)	0.01		0.73 (0.97)	0.74		−0.84 (1.07)		0.79
Ethnicity				0.28			0.11				0.66
Hispanic or Latino	8	0.0 0(0.93)	0		−0.88 (1.36)	0.74		−1.38 (1.06)		1.30
Non-Hispanic or Latino	103	−0.04 (0.73)	0.04		0.64 (0.94)	0.68		−0.79 (0.98)		0.81
Race				0.01			0.40				0.58
White	81	0.17 (0.54)	0.31		0.59 (0.90)	0.66		−0.86 (0.9)		0.96
Asian	9	0.0 (0.70)	0		1.10 (1.20)	0.83		−1.10 (0.74)		1.49
Black	12	−0.67 (1.23)	0.54		0.83 (1.34)	0.62		−0.67 (1.72)		0.39
Mixed/other	8	−0.25 (1.04)	0.24		0.50 (0.76)	0.66		−0.50 (0.76)		0.66
Provider type				0.77			0.36				0.13
Medical doctor (MD)	63	0 .00 (0.76)	0		0.61 (0.93)	0.66		−1.00 (0.91)		1.1
Nurse practitioner (NP)/physician assistant (PA)	23	0.13 (0.87)	0.15		0.91 (1.08)	0.50		−0.56 (1.12)		0.50
Other	25	0.04 (0.54)	0.07		0.54 (0.98)	0.55		−0.67 (0.96)		0.70
U.S. Census Region				0.23			0.55				0.97
Northeast	25	0.13 (0.54)	0.33		0.72 (0.89)	0.81		−0.76 (0.93)		0.82
Midwest	22	0.23 (0.69)	0.24		0.55 (0.67)	0.82		−0.81 (0.87)		0.93
South	45	−0.13 (0.89)	0.15		0.78 (1.22)	0.64		−0.86 (1.19)		0.72
West	19	0.11 (0.57)	0.19		0.42 (0.61)	0.69		−0.89 (0.74)		0.74
Healthcare system				0.94			0.54				0.01
Academic Healthcare System	80	0.03 (0.75)	0.04		0.65 (1.00)	0.65		−1.00 (0.93)		1.06
Community Healthcare System	21	0.05 (0.89)	0.05		0.48 (0.75)	0.64		−0.28 (1.15)		0.25
Other	9	0.11 (0.33)	0.11		0.89 (0.93)	0.98		−0.75 (0.71)		1.06
Continuing education past year: diverse populations				0.01							0.52
Yes	74	0.01 (0.82)	0.01		0.53 (0.90)	0.59		−0.75 (1.02)		0.74
No	37	0.08 (0.55)	0.15		0.92 (1.06)	0.86		−1.00 (0.93)		1.08
Continuing education past year: gender equity				0.33			0.86				0.40
Yes	50	0.14 (0.79)	0.17		0.56 (0.99)	1.38		−0.92 (0.93)		0.99
No	61	0.05 (0.69)	0.07		0.74 (0.94)	1		−0.77 (1.05)		0.96

^aFor the three explicit measures, a positive score favors White on the race measure. For the two gender explicit measures, a positive score associates male with career, and a negative score associates female with family.

^bANOVA and t-test of significance [value = 0]. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).

^cCohen d values are interpreted as follows: d = 0.2, small effect; d = 0.5, medium effect; and d = 0.80, large effect, Cohen, 1988.