Table 4.
Pre- and post-course bias awareness (N = 111)
| Pre | Post | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bias awareness scorea |
N |
M (SD) |
M (SD) |
pb |
| In most situations, I am objective in decision-making | 111 | 2.08 (0.99) | 2.09 (0.99) | 0.88 |
| Biases do not usually influence my decision-making | 111 | 2.91 (1.29) | 2.86 (1.3) | 0.52 |
| Men and women vary in the types of biases they have against people | 109 | 2.56 (1.15) | 2.75 (1.12) | 0.08 |
| People in today’s society tend to treat people of different social groups (i.e., race, gender, and class) equally | 111 | 4.38 (1.56) | 4.54 (1.6) | 0.29 |
| Society has reached a point where all people, regardless of background, have equal opportunities for achievement | 111 | 5.04 (1.34) | 5.26 (1.2) | 0.00 |
| In healthcare, bias is no longer a problem in patient care | 111 | 5.41 (0.88) | 5.32 (0.87) | 0.18 |
| In healthcare, bias is no longer a problem in training | 110 | 5.08 (1.17) | 5.15 (1.05) | 0.42 |
| In healthcare, bias is no longer a problem in diverse workforce |
114 |
5.14 (1.18) |
5.14 (1.11) |
0.89 |
|
Bias awareness difference |
N |
M (SD) |
M (SD) |
p |
| Composite (8-item average) | 111 | 4.06 (0.76) | 4.14 (0.73) | 0.03 |
| Bias awareness difference by domain | ||||
| Bias awareness personal | 111 | 2.50 (1.01) | 2.47 (1.04) | 0.67 |
| Bias awareness societal | 111 | 4.00 (0.95) | 4.48 (0.78) | 0.00 |
| Bias awareness in healthcare | 111 | 5.19 (0.99) | 5.22 (0.96) | 0.86 |
aBias awareness score: 1 = strongly agree, 2 = moderately agree, 3 = slightly agree, 4 = slightly disagree, 5 = moderately disagree, and 6 = strongly disagree.
bPre- and post-bias awareness score difference, one-sample t-test, t-test value = 0. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).