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. 2022 Jan 17;8(1):e32140. doi: 10.2196/32140

Table 3.

Estimated crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% CIs of suicide ideation associated with potential risk and protective COVID-19 related factors by measurement wave for the logistic model that included the entire sample over both measurement waves.

Factors Crude OR (95% CI)a Adjusted OR (95% CI)b

Wave 1 Wave 2 Wave 1 Wave 2
Household composition

Alone 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)

With children 0.93 (0.78-1.11) 1.02 (0.85-1.23) 1.03 (0.83-1.27) 1.05 (0.85-1.29)

With others 0.89 (0.75-1.06) 0.88 (0.74-1.05) 0.98 (0.81-1.20) 0.94 (0.77-1.13)
Essential worker

No 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)

Yes: health 1.72 (1.45-2.04) 1.60 (1.33-1.91) 1.60 (1.31-1.96) 1.36 (1.10-1.69)

Yes: other 1.43 (1.24-1.65) 1.32 (1.14-1.52) 1.29 (1.09-1.53) 1.22 (1.03-1.44)
Self-isolation/quarantine

No 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)

Yes: case/symptom-free 1.16 (1.01-1.32) 1.42 (1.24-1.63) 1.08 (0.93-1.26) 1.23 (1.05-1.44)

Yes: case or symptoms 3.16 (2.64-3.77) 2.84 (2.42-3.34) 2.39 (1.95-2.93) 1.91 (1.58-2.32)
Financial losses

No 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)

Yes 1.39 (1.23-1.57) 1.82 (1.62-2.06) 1.09 (0.95-1.25) 1.40 (1.22-1.60)

Unsure/unknown 1.95 (1.56-2.43) 2.85 (2.15-3.78) 1.79 (1.30-2.47) 2.42 (1.50-3.91)
Threat perceived for oneself and/or family

High 1.84 (1.64-2.07) 1.47 (1.31-1.66) 1.66 (1.44-1.90) 1.31 (1.14-1.51)

Otherwise 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
Threat perceived for country and/or world

High 1.00 (0.88-1.13) 0.91 (0.80-1.04) 0.85 (0.73-0.98) 0.82 (0.70-0.96)

Otherwise 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
Being a victim of stigma

No 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)

Yes 3.34 (2.88-3.87) 3.83 (3.27-4.49) 2.58 (2.17-3.06) 2.74 (2.26-3.31)

Decline to answer 1.64 (1.37-1.95) 2.24 (1.73-2.89) 1.15 (0.90-1.45) 1.23 (0.78-1.95)
Level of information about COVID-19

High 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)

Otherwise 0.96 (0.85-1.08) 0.98 (0.86-1.11) 0.91 (0.79-1.06) 0.97 (0.83-1.13)
Trust in authorities score

Q1 (low) 1.39 (1.19-1.63) 1.39 (1.19-1.63) 1.56 (1.29-1.89) 1.40 (1.15-1.71)

Q2 1.15 (0.98-1.36) 1.27 (1.08-1.50) 1.29 (1.06-1.57) 1.34 (1.10-1.63)

Q3 0.96 (0.81-1.13) 1.11 (0.95-1.31) 1.06 (0.87-1.28) 1.09 (0.90-1.32)

Q4 (high) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
Internet-based social media as a regular source of information

Often/always 1.35 (1.19-1.52) 1.54 (1.35-1.75) 1.11 (0.96-1.30) 1.47 (1.25-1.72)

Sometimes/never 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
Friends/family/co-workers as a regular source of information

Often/always 1.23 (1.10-1.38) 1.14 (1.01-1.28) 1.06 (0.92-1.23) 0.96 (0.83-1.11)

Sometimes/never 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
Sense of coherence

Stronger (5-6) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)

Weaker (0-4) 3.96 (3.36-4.67) 4.56 (3.85-5.40) 3.80 (3.18-4.55) 4.39 (3.66-5.27)

aAdjusted for gender, age group, country, measurement wave, age group × gender, country × gender, age group × country, and age group × measurement wave.

bAdjusted for all variables included within this table, together with their interaction by measurement wave and the main effect and interactions terms included within the crude analysis.