Supplementary Table 1.
Comparing the demographic characteristics, radiographic and laboratory findings of discharged patients and dead patients
| Variable | Total (n=82), n/total n (%) | Dead (n=12), n/total n (%) | Discharged (n=70), n/total n (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic information | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 58 (48.5-68.5) | 65 (54.5-78.8) | 57 (47.5-68) | 0.06 |
| Distribution | ||||
| >50 | 60/81 (74.1) | 12/12 (100) | 48/69 (69.6) | 0.02 |
| Male sex | 52/81 (64.2) | 8/11 (72.7) | 44/70 (62.9) | 0.39 |
| Median hospitalization period (IQR), days | 4 (3-5) | 4.5 (4-9) | 4 (3-5) | 0.22 |
| Median incubation period (IQR), days | 7 (5-7) | 7 (5-7) | 7 (4.75-7) | 0.39 |
| Clinical symptoms | ||||
| Cough | 59/82 (72) | 8/12 (66.7) | 51/70 (72.9) | 0.45 |
| Sputum production | 6/82 (7.3) | 0/12 (0) | 6/70 (8.6) | 0.37 |
| Shortness of breath | 60/82 (73.2) | 9/12 (75) | 51/70 (72.9) | 0.59 |
| Myalgia | 13/82 (15.9) | 1/12 (8.3) | 12/70 (17.1) | 0.39 |
| Headache | 2/82 (2.4) | 0/12 (0) | 2/70 (2.9) | 0.73 |
| Fatigue | 2/82 (2.4) | 0/12 (0) | 2/70 (2.9) | 0.73 |
| Pleuritic chest pain | 11/82 (13.4) | 3/12 (25) | 8/70 (11.4) | 0.20 |
| Rhinorrhea | 82/0 (100) | 12/0 (100) | 70/0 (100) | - |
| Sore throat | 3/82 (3.7) | 2/12 (16.7) | 1/70 (1.4) | 0.06 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 1/82 (1.2) | 0/12 (0) | 1/70 (1.4) | 0.85 |
| Diarrhea | 5/82 (6.1) | 1/12 (8.3) | 4/70 (5.7) | 0.56 |
| Decrease level of consciousness | 5/82 (6.1) | 3/12 (25) | 2/70 (2.9) | 0.02 |
| Vital signs on admission | ||||
| Fever on admission | ||||
| Patients | ||||
| Median temperature (IQR) °C | 37.6 (37-38.1) | 37.8 (36.9-38.7) | 37.6 (37-38) | 0.58 |
| ≥37.8°C | 37/76 (48.7) | 5/9 (55.6) | 32/67 (47.8) | 0.47 |
| Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) % | ||||
| SpO2 <93% | 71/81 (87.7) | 11/11 (100) | 60/70 (85.7) | 0.21 |
| Median respiratory rate (IQR), min | 20 (18-24) | 27 (18-30) | 19 (18-22) | 0.04 |
| Median heart rate (IQR), min | 90 (80-101) | 104 (88-114) | 88 (80-100) | 0.03 |
| Median systolic blood pressure (IQR), mmHg | 110 (100-130) | 110 (98-115) | 110 (100-130) | 0.25 |
| Median diastolic blood pressure (IQR), mmHg | 75 (70-80) | 75 (58-80) | 77.5 (70-80) | 0.48 |
| Coexisting disorder | ||||
| Any | 50/82 (61) | 9/12 (75) | 41/70 (58.6) | 0.23 |
| Diabetes | 18/82 (22) | 5/12 (41.7) | 13/70 (18.6) | 0.08 |
| Hypertension | 24/82 (29.3) | 5/12 (41.7) | 19/70 (27.1) | 0.24 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 13/82 (15.9) | 2/12 (16.7) | 11/70 (15.7) | 0.61 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma | 11/82 (13.4) | 0/12 (0) | 11/70 (15.7) | 0.16 |
| Hypothyroidism | 5/82 (6.1) | 0/12 (0) | 5/70 (7.1) | 0.44 |
| Others | 17/82 (20.7) | 4/12 (33.3) | 13/70 (18.6) | 0.21 |
| Treatments | ||||
| Admission to intensive care unit | 13/82 (15.9) | 7/12 (58.3) | 6/70 (8.6) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 13/82 (15.9) | 10/12 (83.3) | 3/70 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| Noninvasive | 2/82 (2.4) | 1/12 (8.3) | 1/70 (1.4) | 0.27 |
| Invasive | 12/82 (14.6) | 10/12 (83.3) | 2/70 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| Medications | ||||
| Oseltamivir | 82/0 (100) | 12/0 (100) | 70/0 (100) | - |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 77/82 (93.9) | 10/12 (83.3) | 67/70 (95.7) | 0.15 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 48/82 (58.5) | 10/12 (83.3) | 38/70 (54.3) | 0.05 |
| Ribavirin | 11/82 (13.4) | 6/12 (50) | 5/70 (7.1) | 0.00 |
| Systemic glucocorticoids | 4/82 (4.9) | 2/12 (16.7) | 2/70 (2.9) | 0.10 |
| Losartan | 14/82 (17.1) | 2/12 (16.7) | 12/70 (17.1) | 0.67 |
| ACE inhibitor | 3/82 (3.7) | 0/12 (0) | 3/70 (4.3) | 0.62 |
| Levofloxacin | 42/82 (51.2) | 7/12 (58.3) | 35/70 (50) | 0.41 |
| Vancomycin | 27/82 (32.9) | 5/12 (41.7) | 22/70 (31.4) | 0.35 |
| Azithromycin | 18/82 (22) | 1/12 (8.3) | 17/70 (24.3) | 0.20 |
| Ceftriaxone | 20/82 (24.4) | 1/12 (8.3) | 19/70 (27.1) | 0.15 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 5/82 (6.1) | 0/12 (0) | 5/70 (7.1) | 0.44 |
| Meropenem | 4/82 (4.9) | 3/12 (25) | 1/70 (1.4) | 0.009 |
| Imipenem | 5/82 (6.1) | 1/12 (8.3) | 4/70 (5.7) | 0.56 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 2/82 (2.4) | 2/12 (16.7) | 0/70 (0) | 0.02 |
| Intravenous fluid therapy | ||||
| Solution type | ||||
| Dextrose 3.3% -sodium chloride 0.3% | 18/71 (25.4) | 3/10 (30) | 15/61 (24.6) | |
| Sodium lactate | 3/71 (4.2) | 0/10 (0) | 3/61 (4.9) | |
| Sodium chloride 0.9% | 5/71 (7) | 3/10 (30) | 2/61 (3.3) | |
| Sodium chloride 0.45% | 39/71 (54.9) | 3/10 (30) | 36/61 (59) | |
| Dextrose 5% - saline 0.9% | 6/71 (8.5) | 1/10 (10) | 5/61 (8.2) | |
| Median solution amount (IQR), cc/24 h | 1500 (1000-2000) | 1500 (1000-2250) | 1500 (1000-2000) | 0.51 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| White-cell count (per mm3) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 6700 (4460-8900) | 13000 (7300-14200) | 6100 (4400-7900) | 0.001 |
| Distribution (per mm3) | ||||
| <4000 | 8/75 (10.7) | 0/11 (0) | 8/64 (12.5) | |
| 4000-10,000 | 51/75 (68) | 4/11 (36.4) | 47/64 (73.4) | |
| >10,000 | 16/75 (21.3) | 7/11 (63.6) | 9/64 (14.1) | |
| Lymphocyte count (per mm3) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 1150 (848-1541) | 1300 (986.5-1463) | 1097.5 (847.3-1592.8) | 0.48 |
| Distribution (per mm3) | ||||
| <1500 | 55/75 (73.3) | 9/11 (81.8) | 46/64 (71.9) | 0.39 |
| Neutrophil count (per mm3) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 4884 (3256-7128) | 11180 (5680-13348) | 4329.5 (3201.3-6589.5) | <0.001 |
| Distribution (per mm3) | ||||
| >1800 | 5/75 (6.7) | 0/11 (0) | 5/64 (7.8) | |
| 1800-7800 | 54/75 (72) | 4/11 (36.4) | 50/64 (78.1) | |
| <7800 | 16/75 (21.3) | 7/11 (63.6) | 9/64 (14.1) | |
| Platelet count (per mm3) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 180,000 (147,000-213,000) | 190,000 (145,000-280,000) | 174,500 (147,500-212,000) | 0.36 |
| <150,000 | 19/73 (26) | 3/11 (27.3) | 16/62 (25.8) | 0.59 |
| Distribution of other findings | ||||
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 50.5 (37-71.5) | 54.5 (46.3-86) | 49 (36-71.5) | 0.33 |
| Elevated | 30/32 (93.8) | 3/3 (100) | 27/29 (93.1) | 0.82 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 34.5 (17.5-48.5) | 44 (21.5-55.5) | 33 (12-47) | 0.28 |
| >6 | 47/52 (90.4) | 9/9 (100) | 38/43 (88.4) | 0.37 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 581 (467.5-711.5) | 1515.5 | 561 (455-697) | |
| >480 | 25/33 (75.8) | 2/2 (100) | 23/31 (74.2) | 0.57 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 45 (32-56) | 51 (43.5-64.5) | 41.5 (29.5-57) | 0.27 |
| >40 | 16/27 (59.3) | 5/5 (100) | 11/22 (50) | 0.05 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 28 (22-35) | 28 (26-58.5) | 29.5 (21.3-34.3) | 0.30 |
| >40 | 5/27 (18.5) | 2/5 (40) | 3/22 (13.6) | 0.22 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 186 (158-226) | 246 (205-486) | 180 (112-204) | 0.02 |
| >140 | 15/19 (78.9) | 5/5 (100) | 10/14 (71.4) | 0.26 |
| Creatinine kinase (U/L) | ||||
| >170 | 4/4 (100) | 2/2 (200) | 2/2 (100) | - |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 106.1 (84-128.2) | 150.3 (123.8-238.7) | 97.2 (79.6-114.9) | <0.001 |
| ≥133 | 12/69 (17.4) | 6/11 (54.5) | 6/58 (10.3) | 0.002 |
| Prothrombin time (s) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 13 (13-14.9) | 13 | 13 (13-14.8) | 0.77 |
| >13 | 14/16 (87.5) | 3/3 (100) | 11/13 (84.6) | 0.65 |
| Partial thromboplastin time (s) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 32 (29-38.5) | 31 | 32.5 (29.5-37.3) | 0.80 |
| >39 | 3/13 (23.1) | 1/3 (33.3) | 2/10 (20) | 0.58 |
| International normalized ratio | ||||
| >1.2 | 3/15 (20) | 1/3 (33.3) | 2/12 (16.7) | 0.52 |
| Blood gas | ||||
| Metabolic acidosis | 2/19 (10.5) | 0/4 (0) | 2/15 (13.3) | |
| Respiratory acidosis | 0/19 (0) | 0/4 (0) | 0/15 (0) | |
| Metabolic alkalosis | 1/19 (5.3) | 0/4 (0) | 1/15 (6.7) | |
| Respiratory alkalosis | 2/19 (10.5) | 1/4 (25) | 1/15 (6.7) | |
| Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis | 4/19 (21.1) | 1/4 (25) | 3/15 (20) | |
| Metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis | 3/19 (15.8) | 1/4 (25) | 2/15 (13.3) | |
| Metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis | 3/19 (15.8) | 0/4 (0) | 3/15 (20) | |
| Metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis | 4/19 (21.1) | 1/4 (25) | 3/15 (20) | |
| Minerals (mmol/L) | ||||
| Median sodium (IQR) | 134 (131-136) | 133 (130-137) | 134 (131.5-136) | 0.42 |
| Median potassium (IQR) | 4.1 (3.7-4.5) | 4.4 (3.6-4.6) | 4.1 (3.8-4.4) | 0.59 |
| Radiologic findings | ||||
| Lobar predominance | ||||
| Right upper lobe | 45/48 (93.8) | 1/2 (50) | 44/46 (95.7) | 0.12 |
| Right middle lobe | 44/48 (91.7) | 1/2 (50) | 43/46 (93.5) | 0.16 |
| Right lower lobe | 46/48 (95.8) | 2/2 (100) | 44/46 (95.7) | 0.92 |
| Left upper lobe | 43/48 (89.6) | 1/2 (50) | 42/46 (91.3) | 0.20 |
| Left lower lobe | 46/48 (95.8) | 2/2 (100) | 44/46 (95.7) | 0.92 |
| Anatomic distribution | ||||
| Peripheral (subpleural) predominance | 48/48 (100) | 2/2 (100) | 46/46 (100) | |
| Central/perihilar predominance | 30/48 (62.5) | 1/2 (50) | 29/46 (63) | 0.61 |
| Unilateral | 1/32 (3.1) | 0/1 (0) | 1/31 (3.2) | 0.97 |
| Bilateral | 31/32 (96.9) | 1/1 (100) | 30/31 (96.8) | |
| Attenuation | ||||
| Ground-glass opacity | 40/48 (83.3) | 2/2 (100) | 38/46 (82.6) | 0.69 |
| Mixed (ground-glass opacity and consolidation) | 8/48 (16.7) | 0/2 (0) | 8/46 (17.4) | |
| Crazy paving appearance | 9/48 (18.8) | 0/2 (0) | 9/46 (19.6) | 0.66 |
| Other signs | ||||
| Reticulation | 1/48 (2.1) | 0/2 (0) | 1/46 (2.2) | 0.96 |
| Pleural effusion | 4/48 (8.3) | 1/2 (50) | 3/46 (6.5) | 0.16 |
| Lymphadenopathy | 2/48 (4.2) | 0/2 (0) | 2/46 (4.3) | 0.92 |
IQR=Interquartile range; ACE=Angiotensin-converting-enzyme