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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Dec 28;179:181–189. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.309

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Measurement of selected metabolites and metabolic enzymes using biochemical assays in mouse skin epidermal (JB6) cells. (A) IDH1/2 activity was measured using isocitrate as substrate and NADP+ as cofactor and (B) IDH3 activity was measured using NAD+ as cofactor. (C-E) The cellular levels of citrate, isocitrate, and acetyl-CoA were measured using an assay kit following treatment with mPQ. Data points are presented as the mean +/− SD of three individual samples. Statistical significance is indicated by asterisks: *, p ≤ 0.05 and **, p ≤ 0.01.