Table 4. Results of the Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) using the bray-curtis dissimilarity index to determine the effects of covariates in changing the composition of benthic communities, based on cover.
| Term | df | SS | R2 | F | Pr(>F) | Sig. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1 | 2.347 | 0.501 | 45.761 | <0.001 | *** |
| HII 50km | 1 | 0.137 | 0.029 | 2.679 | 0.062 | |
| TSA Freq | 1 | 0.072 | 0.015 | 1.401 | 0.218 | |
| Protection status | 1 | 0.075 | 0.016 | 1.465 | 0.200 | |
| Residual | 40 | 2.051 | 0.438 | |||
| Total | 44 | 4.683 | 1.000 |
Significance level (Sig.): *** < 0.001.
df: degrees of freedom, SS: sum of squares.