Table 2.

Odds Ratios of Obstetric, Fetal and Cardiovascular Complications with Valvular Heart Disease

Outcomes in Valvular compared to No Valvular Disease	Unadjusted Odds Ratio	p-value	Model 1 (age, race, income, insurance, location)	p-value	Model 2 (Model 1 + hypertension, diabetes, coronary disease, chronic kidney disease)	p-value
OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS
Preeclampsia/Eclampsia	2.1 (1.9–2.3)	<0.001	2.0 (1.8–2.3)	<0.001	1.9 (1.8–2.2)	<0.001
Gestational Hypertension	1.1 (1.0–1.3)	0.124	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	0.480	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	0.511
Gestational Diabetes	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	0.179	1.0 (0.8–1.1)	0.490	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	0.609
Placenta Previa	1.2 (0.8–1.7)	0.328	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	0.928	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	0.848
Premature rupture of membranes	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	0.397	0.9 (0.8–1.0)	0.184	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	0.356
Placental Abruption	1.3 (1.0–1.7)	0.039	1.3 (1.0–1.7)	0.036	1.3 (0.1–1.7)	0.044
Hemorrhage	1.4 (1.2–1.6)	<0.001	1.4 (1.2–1.6)	<0.001	1.4 (1.2–1.6)	<0.001
FETAL COMPLICATIONS
Fetal growth restriction	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	0.021	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	0.023	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	0.062
Stillbirth or fetal death	1.3 (0.9–1.9)	0.211	1.1 (1.0–1.3)	0.051	1.1 (0.7–1.7)	0.681
CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy	123 (108–140)	<0.001	107 (93–123)	<0.001	65 (53–79)	<0.001
Heart failure	144 (129–162)	<0.001	124 (110–141)	<0.001	101 (84–122)	<0.001
Pulmonary edema	32 (25–38)	<0.001	26 (22–33)	<0.001	17 (13–22)	<0.001
ARDS	26 (11–58)	<0.001	29 (13–65)	<0.001	11 (4–33)	<0.001
Ischemic Stroke	32 (17–59)	<0.001	27 (15–50)	<0.001	14 (6–31)	<0.001
Cardiac arrest	27 (14–49)	<0.001	25 (14–46)	<0.001	11 (5–24)	<0.001
Pulmonary embolism	34 (23–49)	<0.001	31 (21–45)	<0.001	20 (12–32)	<0.001
Acute renal failure	14 (10–18)	<0.001	11.7 (8.9–15.4)	<0.001	4.6 (3.2–6.7)	<0.001
Acute ischemic heart disease	69 (51–93)	<0.001	51 (36–71)	<0.001	19 (12–30)	<0.001
Arrhythmias	28 (24–32)	<0.001	24 (21–27)	<0.001	18 (15–21)	<0.001
In-hospital death	16 (6.5–39)	<0.001	15 (6–37)	<0.001	7.3 (2.7–19.8)	<0.001