Table 3.
Characteristics in MOH and headache without MO groups
| MOH (n = 136) |
% (95%CI) | %Women | Headache without MO (n = 2271) | % (95%CI) | %Women | p value† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median, IQR) (y.o.) | 43 (36–49) | 43 (31–51) | 0.781 | |||||
| Sex women:men (%Women) | 110:26 | 80.08% | 1537:734 | 67.86% | < 0.001*** | |||
| Headache occurring on (days) | 16 (15–20) | 1 (1–4) | < 0.001*** | |||||
| Low-frequency episodic migraine (0–3 days/month) | 0 | 0% | 1498 | 65.96% (64.00–67.88) | 66.28% | < 0.001*** | ||
| High-frequency episodic migraine (4–7 days/month) | 0 | 0% | 510 | 22.45% (20.79–24.22) | 66.27% | < 0.001*** | ||
| Very high-frequency episodic migraine (8–14 days/month) | 0 | 0% | 244 | 10.74% (9.53–12.09) | 78.69% | < 0.001*** | ||
| Chronic headache (15–29 days/month) | 107 | 78.67% (71.01–84.77) | 81.30% | 16 | 0.70% (0.42–1.15) | 68.75% | < 0.001*** | |
| Everyday | 29 | 21.32% (14.44–28.21) | 79.31% | 3 | 0.13% (0.03–0.41) | 100% | < 0.001*** | |
| Headache characteristics | ||||||||
| Unilateral location | 89 | 65.44% (57.45–73.43) | 82.02% | 1389 | 61.16% (59.16–63.17) | 64.00% | 0.319 | |
| Pulsating quality | 88 | 64.71% (56.67–72.74) | 80.68% | 1281 | 56.41% (54.37–58.45) | 76.11% | 0.058 | |
| Moderate or severe pain intensity | 41 | 30.15% (22.43–37.86) | 87.80% | 138 | 6.08% (5.09–7.06) | 78.99% | < 0.001*** | |
| Aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity | 58 | 42.65% (32.33–50.96) | 87.93% | 376 | 16.56% (15.03–18.09) | 84.04% | < 0.001*** | |
| Nausea and/or vomiting OR photophobia and phonophobia | 42 | 30.88% (23.12–38.65) | 83.33% | 299 | 13.17% (11.78–14.56) | 78.60% | < 0.001*** | |
| Probable migraine | 26 | 19.12% (12.51–25.73) | 80.77% | 224 | 9.86% (8.64–11.09) | 80.80% | < 0.001*** | |
| Duration | ||||||||
| Less than 60 min | 3 | 2.21% (0.46–6.57) | 100% | 64 | 2.82% (2.14–3.50) | 64.06% | 0.673 | |
| 1–3 h | 35 | 25.74% (18.39–33.08) | 77.14% | 843 | 37.12% (35.13–39.11) | 63.46% | 0.007 | |
| 4–8 h | 16 | 11.76% (6.35–17.18) | 87.50% | 300 | 13.21% (11.82–14.60) | 66.33% | 0.628 | |
| 9–24 h | 55 | 40.44% (32.19–48.69) | 78.18% | 809 | 35.62% (33.65–37.59) | 68.36% | 0.255 | |
| 2–3 days | 11 | 8.09% (3.51–12.67) | 90.91% | 242 | 10.66% (9.39–11.93) | 81.82% | 0.343 | |
| 4–7 days | 11 | 8.09% (3.51–12.67) | 81.82% | 12 | 0.53% (0.23–0.83) | 83.33% | < 0.001*** | |
| Over 8 days | 5 | 3.68% (0.51–6.84) | 80.00% | 1 | 0.04% (0–0.27) | 100% | < 0.001*** | |
| Frequency of acute medication oral intake (days/months) | 10 (15–20) | 1 (0–3) | ||||||
| < 1 days/month | 0 | 0% | - | 749 | 32.98% (31.05–34.91) | 65.95% | - | |
| 1–2 days/month | 0 | 0% | - | 384 | 16.91% (15.37–18.45) | 73.96% | - | |
| 3–4 days/month | 0 | 0% | - | 388 | 17.08% (15.54–18.63) | 78.35% | - | |
| 5–9 days/month | 0 | 0% | - | 173 | 7.62% (6.53–8.71) | 82.08% | - | |
| 10–14 days/month | 52 | 38.24% (30.07–46.40) | 80.77% | 19 | 0.82% (0.46–1.21) | 84.21% | - | |
| 15–29 days/month | 60 | 44.12% (35.77–52.46) | 80.00% | 0 | - | - | - | |
| Everyday | 24 | 17.65% (11.24–24.05) | 83.33% | 0 | - | - | - | |
| Use of prophylactic medication | 10 | 7.35% (2.97–11.74) | 90.00% | 38 | 1.67% (1.15–2.20) | 81.58% | < 0.001*** | |
Abbreviations: CI confident interval, IQR interquartile range, MOH medication-overuse headache, ***; p < 0.001, †; Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test was performed