Table 4:
Factors affecting mortality
| Variables | Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysisa |
Multivariate analysisb |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discharge (n = 180) | Mortality (n = 247) | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 56.2 ± 17.0 | 62.7 ± 14.8 | <0.001 | 1.015 | 0.999–1.031 | 0.04 | 1.015 | 0.999–1.032 | 0.04 |
| Gender, n/% | 0.901 | ||||||||
| Female | 58/32.2 | 81/32.8 | |||||||
| Male | 122/67.8 | 166/67.2 | |||||||
| Comorbidity rate, n/% | 124/68.9 | 207/83.8 | <0.001 | 1.940 | 1.100–3.419 | 0.02 | 2.179 | 1.183–4.014 | 0.01 |
| Pre-existing lung disease, n/% | 20/11.1 | 40/16.2 | 0.136 | ||||||
| Side of pneumonia, n/% | 0.757 | ||||||||
| Unilateral | 18/10.0 | 27/10.9 | |||||||
| Bilateral | 162/90.0 | 220/89.1 | |||||||
| TSS, mean ± SD | 7.1 ± 3.8 | 7.4 ± 4.3 | 0.841 | ||||||
| Mode of breathing, n/% | <0.001 | 48.345 | 14.666–159.360 | <0.001 | NA | NA | NA | ||
| NIV | 70/38.9 | 3/1.2 | |||||||
| MV | 110/61.1 | 244/98.8 | |||||||
| Pneumothorax, n/% | 0.767 | ||||||||
| Yes | 4/2.2 | 7/2.8 | |||||||
| No | 176/97.8 | 240/97.2 | |||||||
| PNMD development, n/% | 0.009 | 5.234 | 1.379–19.857 | 0.01 | 4.861 | 1.328–21.439 | 0.04 | ||
| Yes | 4/2.2 | 20/8.1 | |||||||
| No | 176/97.8 | 227/91.9 | |||||||
| PEEP (cmH2O),c mean ± SD | 8.5 ± 1.4 | 9.0 ± 1.4 | <0.001 | 1.305 | 1.062–1.603 | 0.01 | |||
| PIP (cmH2O),c mean ± SD | 25.3 ± 5.0 | 26.7 ± 4.7 | 0.003 | 0.989 | 0.930–1.053 | 0.743 | |||
| TV (ml/kg),c mean ± SD | 478.6 ± 85.4 | 446.8 ± 82.0 | 0.002 | 0.995 | 0.992–0.998 | 0.004 | |||
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mmHg),c mean ± SD | 190.7 ± 60.9 | 164.4 ± 70.2 | <0.001 | 0.996 | 0.993–1.001 | 0.125 | |||
| Compliance (ml/cmH2O),c mean ± SD | 35.0 ± 9.1 | 31.9 ± 10.5 | 0.003 | 0.998 | 0.970–1.028 | 0.940 | |||
a
Multivariate analysis was applied in all patients. Since ventilation parameters were only for patients in the MV group, those were not included in this analysis.
b
Multivariate analysis was made on patients in MV group (n = 354).
c
Calculation was made in mechanically ventilated patients (n = 354).
CI: confidence interval; MV: invasive mechanical ventilation; NA: not applıcable; NIV: non-invasive mechanical ventilation; OR: odds ratio; PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure; PIP: peak inspiratory pressure; PNMD: pneumomediastinum; SD: standard deviation; TSS: overall lung total severity score; TV: tidal volume. Boldface indicates statistical significance.