Figure.

PAFs (95% CI) of ESCC, overall and by sex

Data are shown for (A) ever versus never having consumed alcohol (ie, the estimated proportion of cases who would not have developed ESCC if everyone were a never drinker), and (B) those who consumed any high (>30%) ABV beverages versus those who consumed only low-ABV beverages (ie, the estimated proportion of cases who would not have developed ESCC if everyone had only consumed low-ABV drinks). Sex-specific PAFs in (A) were calculated from sex-specific model 2 odds ratios (model 2 was adjusted for age [10-year strata], smoked and smokeless tobacco use [ever or never], smoking frequency [a continuous variable: number of cigarettes or tobacco uses per day], ethnicity, education, and religion). The remaining PAFs were calculated using model 2 with both sexes combined. ESCC=oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PAF=population-attributable fraction.