Table 2.
Country-specific alcohol consumption in controls, overall and by sociodemographic factors
|
Kenya |
Tanzania |
Malawi |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever consumed alcohol (n=191) | Never consumed alcohol (n=249) | p value | Ever consumed alcohol (n=142) | Never consumed alcohol (n=171) | p value | Ever consumed alcohol (n=252) | Never consumed alcohol (n=341) | p value | ||
| Sex | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | <0·0001 | |
| Male | 148/272 (54%) | 124/272 (46%) | <0·0001 | 114/237 (48%) | 123/237 (52%) | 0·086 | 217/335 (65%) | 118/335 (35%) | .. | |
| Female | 43/168 (26%) | 125/168 (74%) | .. | 28/76 (37%) | 48/76 (63%) | .. | 35/258 (14%) | 223/258 (86%) | .. | |
| Age, years | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·60 | |
| 18–34 | 9/30 (30%) | 21/30 (70%) | 0·092 | 4/11 (36%) | 7/11 (64%) | 0·80 | 19/49 (39%) | 30/49 (61%) | .. | |
| 35–44 | 24/71 (34%) | 47/71 (66%) | .. | 13/27 (48%) | 14/27 (52%) | .. | 41/107 (38%) | 66/107 (62%) | .. | |
| 45–54 | 43/94 (46%) | 51/94 (54%) | .. | 26/56 (46%) | 30/56 (54%) | .. | 54/134 (40%) | 80/134 (60%) | .. | |
| 55–64 | 47/105 (45%) | 58/105 (55%) | .. | 41/80 (51%) | 39/80 (49%) | .. | 54/129 (42%) | 75/129 (58%) | .. | |
| 65–74 | 37/86 (43%) | 49/86 (57%) | .. | 33/81 (41%) | 48/81 (59%) | .. | 56/117 (48%) | 61/117 (52%) | .. | |
| 75+ | 31/54 (57%) | 23/54 (43%) | .. | 25/58 (43%) | 33/58 (57%) | .. | 28/57 (49%) | 29/57 (51%) | .. | |
| Ethnicity | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·29 | |
| Kalenjin | 102/233 (44%) | 131/233 (56%) | 0·81 | .. | .. | <0·0001 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Luhya | 43/95 (45%) | 52/95 (55%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Luo | 11/32 (34%) | 21/32 (66%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Kikuyu | 14/29 (48%) | 15/29 (52%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Other | 21/51 (41%) | 30/51 (59%) | .. | 13/53 (25%) | 40/53 (75%) | .. | 25/69 (36%) | 44/69 (64%) | .. | |
| Chagga | .. | .. | .. | 119/227 (52%) | 108/227 (48%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Pare | .. | .. | .. | 10/33 (30%) | 23/33 (70%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Lomwe | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 80/171 (47%) | 91/171 (53%) | .. | |
| Ngoni | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 43/99 (43%) | 56/99 (57%) | .. | |
| Yao | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 28/86 (33%) | 58/86 (67%) | .. | |
| Chewa | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 30/60 (50%) | 30/60 (50%) | .. | |
| Sena | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 23/53 (43%) | 30/53 (57%) | .. | |
| Mang'anja | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 23/55 (42%) | 32/55 (58%) | .. | |
| Religion | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·036 | |
| Christian | 178/422 (42%) | 244/422 (58%) | 0·025 | 89/201 (44%) | 112/201 (56%) | <0·0001 | 230/526 (44%) | 296/526 (56%) | ||
| Muslim | 2/4 (50%) | 2/4 (50%) | .. | 1/33 (3%) | 32/33 (97%) | .. | 13/50 (26%) | 37/50 (74%) | ||
| Other | 11/14 (79%) | 3/14 (21%) | .. | 52/79 (66%) | 27/79 (34%) | .. | 9/17 (53%) | 8/17 (47%) | ||
| Education | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·12 | |
| None | 46/100 (46%) | 54/100 (54%) | 0·28 | 11/21 (52%) | 10/21 (48%) | 0·38 | 31/96 (32%) | 65/96 (68%) | .. | |
| Some primary | 39/110 (35%) | 71/110 (65%) | .. | 29/69 (42%) | 40/69 (58%) | .. | 101/229 (44%) | 128/229 (56%) | .. | |
| Completed primary | 43/91 (47%) | 48/91 (53%) | .. | 69/162 (43%) | 93/162 (57%) | .. | 33/82 (40%) | 49/82 (60%) | .. | |
| Secondary or higher | 63/139 (45%) | 76/139 (55%) | .. | 33/61 (54%) | 28/61 (46%) | .. | 87/186 (47%) | 99/186 (53%) | .. | |
| Tobacco use (men) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | <0·0001 | |
| Ever | 92/108 (84%) | 18/108 (16%) | <0·0001 | 51/58 (88%) | 7/58 (12%) | <0·0001 | 108/126 (86%) | 18/126 (14%) | .. | |
| Never | 56/162 (35%) | 106/162 (65%) | .. | 63/179 (35%) | 116/179 (65%) | 109/209 (52%) | 100/209 (48%) | .. | ||
| Tobacco use (women) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | <0·0001 | |
| Ever | 21/27 (78%) | 6/27 (22%) | <0·0001 | 5/8 (62%) | 3/8 (38%) | 0·14 | 13/31 (42%) | 18/31 (58%) | .. | |
| Never | 22/141 (16%) | 119/141 (84%) | .. | 23/68 (34%) | 45/68 (66%) | .. | 22/227 (10%) | 205/227 (90%) | .. | |