Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jan 5;15:822614. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.822614

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2022 Koizumi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Schematic diagram of the antidepressant, fluoxetine, and astrocytes. Fluoxetine (FLX) increases vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT)-dependent ATP exocytosis from astrocytes and causes elevation of extracellular ATP (ATPo). Kir4.1 may be an important target molecule of FLX in astrocytes. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite, adenosine, act on P2Y11 and A1b receptors to increase cAMP levels and enhance Bdnf transcription in astrocytes via CREB phosphorylation. The BDNF produced and released by astrocytes is thought to cause synapse and network remodeling and to exhibit antidepressant effects. cAMP may also enhance VNUT expression via protein kinase A, which further strengthens ATP/adenosine signaling.