Skip to main content
. 2022 Jan 5;12:772252. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.772252

TABLE 7.

Differences in injunctive norms as a function of age, sexual orientation, and couple condition.

Age1 Heterosexual Couple Condition Lesbian Couple
Condition		 Gay Couple
Condition		 F (df) p Partial
η2 		Differences p d
Heterosexual participants
Early adults
(18–24)		 M
[95% CI]
(SE)		 4.61
[4.48, 4.74]
(0.07)		 3.84
[3.64, 4.03]
(0.10)		 3.74
[3.53, 3.95]
(0.11)		 29.61*
(2,1004.74)		 <0.001
 0.06 HCC > LCC*
HCC > GCC*
LCC ≈ GCC		 <0.001
<0.001
0.121		 0.81
0.88
0.08
Young adults
(25–34)		 M
[95% CI]
(SE)		 4.50
[4.38, 4.62]
(0.06)		 3.70
[3.51, 3.89]
(0.10)		 3.63
[3.43, 3.82]
(0.10)		 32.94*
(2,1004.74)		 <0.001
 0.06 HCC > LCC*
HCC > GCC*
LCC ≈ GCC		 <0.001
<0.001
0.281		 0.86
0.90
0.07
Younger middle adults
(35–44)		 M
[95% CI]
(SE)		 4.41
[4.28, 4.53]
(0.06)		 3.66
[3.47, 3.86]
(0.10)		 3.52
[3.31, 3.72]
(0.10)		 32.11*
(2,1004.74)		 <0.001
 0.06 HCC > LCC*
HCC > GCC*
LCC > GCC* 		<0.001
<0.001
0.005		 0.78
0.91
0.13
Older adults
(45+)		 M
[95% CI]
(SE)		 4.41
[4.28, 4.53]
(0.06)		 3.10
[2.91, 3.29]
(0.10)		 3.03
[2.83, 3.23]
(0.10)		 82.75*
(2,1009.27)		 <0.001
 0.14 HCC > LCC*
HCC > GCC*
LCC ≈ GCC		 <0.001
<0.001
0.376		 1.35
1.39
0.06
Lesbian/gay participants
Early adults
(18–24)		 M
[95% CI]
(SE)		 4.58
[4.45, 4.71]
(0.07)		 4.60
[4.39, 4.80]
(0.11)		 4.56
[4.34, 4.77]
(0.11)		 0.38
(2, 1004.74)		 0.683 <0.01 HCC ≈ LCC
HCC ≈ GCC
LCC ≈ GCC		 >0.999
>0.999
>0.999		 0.02
0.02
0.03
Young adults
(25–34)		 M
[95% CI]
(SE)		 4.42
[4.31, 4.54]
(0.06)		 4.45
[4.26, 4.63]
(0.09)		 4.36
[4.17, 4.55]
(0.10)		 2.02
(2,1004.74)		 0.134 <0.01 HCC ≈ LCC
HCC ≈ GCC
LCC ≈ GCC		 >0.999
>0.999
0.135		 0.02
0.07
0.02
Younger middle adults
(35–44)		 M
[95% CI]
(SE)		 4.54
[4.42, 4.67]
(0.06)		 4.41
[4.21, 4.61]
(0.10)		 4.25
[4.05, 4.46]
(0.11)		 6.79*
(2,1004.74)		 0.001 0.01 HCC ≈ LCC
HCC > GCC*
LCC > GCC* 		0.663
0.033
0.002		 0.14
0.29
0.14
Older adults
(45+)		 M
[95% CI]
(SE)		 4.23
[4.09, 4.36]
(0.07)		 4.35
[4.14, 4.56]
(0.11)		 4.23
[4.01, 4.45]
(0.11)		 3.09*
(2,1004.74)		 0.046 0.01 HCC ≈ LCC
HCC ≈ GCC
LCC ≈ GCC		 0.834
>0.999
0.063		 0.13
0.01
0.10

1Ages included within operationalized age group are shown within parentheses. F statistics and pairwise comparison differences with p < 0.05 were flagged using an asterisk (*). Pairwise comparisons were corrected using the Bonferroni correction. For reference, injunctive norms were measured from 1 to 5 with numbers less than 3 representing that couples should not to become parents and values greater than three representing that couples ought to become parents.