TABLE 1.

Element type and number of the components in the intact model.

Component	Element type	Young’s modulus (MPa)	Element number
Vertebra body
Cortical bone	C3D8R	12,000	3,437
Cancellous bone	C3D4	100	214,269
Endplate	C3D8R	24	6,336
Posterior element	C3D4	3,500	366,252
Facet cartilage	C3D8RH	Neo-Hookean	6,495
Disc
Annulus ground	C3D8RH	Mooney–Rivlin	6,000
Nucleus pulposus	C3D8RH	Mooney–Rivlin	7,200
Annulus fibers	Spring	Calibrated stress–strain curves	14,400