. 2022 Jan 18;13:364. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28051-y

Table 1.

Sources and distributions of uncertainties considered in the calibration.

Uncertainty source	Error estimation
Thermal and electrical noise of thermopile signal	$N (m_{U} = 0, σ_{U} = 0.07 μ V)$
Measurement repeatability (depends on the channel)	$N (0, σ_{U r} = 0.16 - 0.5 μ V])$
Calibration uncertainty of calibration target	$U ([- d T_{P T} = - 0.13 K, d T_{P T} = 0.13 K])$
Inhomogeneity of calibration target	$U ([- d T_{c a l} = - 0.25 K, d T_{c a l} = 0.25 K])$

$N$ is Gaussian distribution around mean of thermopile voltage $m_{U}$ and standard deviation $σ_{U}$ . $U$ is uniform distribution in a given interval. $d U_{r}$ is difference between the individual in flight calibration measurements under equal conditions, $d T_{P T}$ is the uncertainty of the calibration target’s temperature sensor, $d T_{c a l}$ is the heterogeneity calibration target’s temperature, as observed with an IR camera on the ground.