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. 2022 Jan 18;13:367. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28013-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Stiffness control in the vertical direction. Left: dual-color design of a DTU logo, in which the letters are cured using visible light and the three stylized lions (shape) below using UV. This is a suspending structure that would require auxiliary support if built using conventional AM methods. Right: A DTU logo printout floating in viscous resin, captured by the surveillance camera. DCTVP can print this multimaterial workpiece in one shot without auxiliary support. b Stiffness control in a nested structure. Left: dual-color design of two encaged balls (valve). The hard shell is cured using UV while the soft balls inside using visible light. Right: a snapshot of the polymerized workpiece captured by the surveillance camera. c Dual-color design of a 3D brain model (left). The left hemisphere is cured using visible light and the right hemisphere using UV. Two surveillance snapshots of a printout with good geometric fidelity are shown on the right. The front view (top) suggests that the right hemisphere (hem.) was more susceptible to overexposure because the UV source had a greater volumetric printing rate. The gyri features can be seen in the side view (bottom). Scalebars: 3 mm. d Stiffness characterization of the workpieces in Fig. 2a–c. It was noted that the modulus extracted from these response curves, obtained using a texture analyzer, were subject to uncertainties associated with the size, shape and the internal homogeneity of the test subjects. For these irregular geometries, it was not possible to prepare standard-shaped test specimens as we did for the samples in Fig. 1. Therefore, the numbers reported here reflect only the relative stiffness of various parts in a single printout and are meant for intrasample comparison only. e Standard tensile test results. The dogbone specimens were printed using each of the two light sources individually. The results for specimens without postprocessing (pp.) are shown in the inset. Scalebar: 5 mm. The dimensions of the specimen are given in Supplementary Fig. 9.