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Bile acid signaling via nuclear and surface receptors. CA: cholic acid; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; CYP7A1: cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1; DCA: deoxycholic acid; FGF19: fibroblast growth factor 19; FGFR4: fibroblast growth factor receptor 4; FXR: farnesoid X receptor; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; LCA: lithocholic acid; PRK A: phosphoribulokinase A; SHP: small heterodimer partner; TGR-5: takeda-G-protein-receptor-5.
