Table 3.
Demographic, clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging features in pediatric TBM with and without hypoglycorrhachia 1985–2015.
|
Normoglycorrhacia (n = 114) n/N (%) |
Hypoglycorrhacia (n = 306) n/N (%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Definite TBM | 21/114 (18.4) | 60/306 (19.6) | |
| Male gender | 60/114 (52.6) | 153/306 (50.0) | |
| Median age in months | 29.0: IQR 14.5–63.5 | 27.0: IQR 15.0–47.0 | |
| Vomiting | 46/100 (46.0) | 146/267 (54.7) | |
| Fever | 70/107 (65.4) | 192/284 (67.6) | |
| Convulsions | 47/100 (47.0) | 122/267 (45.7) | |
| Headache | 28/100 (29.0) | 63/267 (23.6) | |
| Symptom duration >5 days | 86/113 (76.1) | 262/306 (85.6) | |
| HIV positive | 6/58 (10.3) | 3/129 (2.3) | |
| Faltering weight gain or weight loss | 41/107 (38.3) | 133/285 (46.7) | |
| GCS <15 | 86/114 (75.4) | 236/300 (78.7) | |
| TBM Stage | Stage I | 6/114 (5.3) | 6/300 (2.0) |
| Stage IIa | 22/114 (19.3) | 58/300 (19.3) | |
| Stage IIb | 29/114 (25.4) | 91/300 (30.3) | |
| Stage III | 57/114 (50.0) | 145/300 (48.3) | |
| Stroke (hemiparesis and/or radiologic infarction) | 66/107 (61.7) | 200/287 (69.7) | |
| Cranial nerve palsy | 27/107 (25.2) | 85/287 (29.6) | |
| Raised ICP | 26/107 (24.3) | 58/286 (20.3) | |
| Brainstem dysfunction | 33/107 (30.8) | 100/287 (34.8) | |
| Median serum sodium in mmol/L (IQR) | 132.0 (127.5–136.0) | 131.0 (127.0–135.0) | |
| CSF leucocytes 10–500 cells/L | 90/107 (84.1) | 270/287 (94.1) | |
| CSF lymphocyte predominance | 88/107 (82.2) | 238/287 (82.9) | |
| CSF protein concentration >1 g/L) | 73/107 (68.2) | 242/287 (84.3) | |
| Basal meningeal enhancement | 84/106 (79.2) | 230/275 (83.6) | |
| Tuberculoma (s) | 16/106 (15.1) | 35/275 (12.7) | |
| Hydrocephalus | 94/106 (88.7) | 255/275 (92.7) | |
| Non-communicating hydrocephalus | 27/100 (27.0) | 103/273 (37.7) | |
| Death | 8/89 (9.0) | 23/236 (9.7) |
TBM, tuberculous meningitis; IQR, interquartile range; GCS, glasgow coma scale; ICP, intracranial pressure; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.