Table 2.
Studies investigating the differences and similarities between NES and BED in patients with eating disorder(s), obesity, and/or undergoing bariatric surgery.
| References | Sample attributes | Results: Demographic data | Outcomes (Measures) | Results: Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20. Baldofski et al. (2015) | Population: Pre-bariatric surgery patients N = 233 (68% female) (mean age of M = 45.35, SD = 10.37; mean BMI of M = 48.72 kg/m2, SD = 7.64) Country: Germany |
Prevalence: Full-syndrome NES, n = 19 (8.2%) patients; Sub-syndromal NES, n = 16 patients (6.9%) patients. Full Syndrome BED, n = 10 (4.3%) patients; Low frequency/limited duration BED, n = 12 (5.2%) patients; Sub-syndromal BED, n = 8 (3.4%) patients. Comorbid BED and NES, n = 9 (3.9%) patients. |
Eating Disorder Psychopathology (EDE, EDE-Q, DEBQ-EE, EAH, YFAS) | Number of objective binge eating episodes: BED only > NES only > Non-ED Number of subjective binge eating episodes: NES only = BED only > non-ED Number of objective over eating episodes: NES only > non-ED = BED only Eating concern, Weight concern, Shape concern, and Global eating disorder psychopathology: BED only > non-ED = NES only Emotional eating, Eating without hunger, Number of food addiction symptoms: BED only = NES only > non-ED |
| 21. Roer et al. (2014) | Population: Patients with obesity N = 81 (75% female) (mean age of M = 45.6, SD = 11.0; mean BMI of M = 38.0 kg/m2, SD = 8.5) Country: United States of America |
Prevalence: BE only, n = 20 NES only, n = 9 BED and NES, n = 12 Controls, n = 35 |
Emotional Eating (EMAQ) BED (QEWP-R) NES (NEDQ) | Combined eating in response to negative emotions and situations: BED only > NES only, BD only > Controls, BED+NES > NES only Eating in response to negative situations: Controls > NES only, BED only > NES only, BED+NES > NES only Eating in response to negative emotions: BED only > Controls, BED only > NES only |
| 22. Zickgraf et al. (2019) | Population: Pre-bariatric surgery patients N = 337 (mean age of M = 41.09, SD = 11.84; mean BMI of M = 48.33 kg/m2, SD = 7.56) Country: United States of America |
Age, gender: No difference between food secure and food insecure groups Educational attainment: Food secure > Marginally food insecure > Food insecure PoC Ethnicity: Food secure < Food insecure |
FIS (United States Department of Agriculture Adult Food Security Survey Module) Depression (BDI) BED (BES) NES (NEQ) | ∙ FIS predicts NEQ scores more strongly than it predicts BED ∙ NEQ score prediction is partially mediated by depressive symptoms, predictability present directly and indirectly ∙ BED score prediction is fully mediated by depressive symptoms, predictability present only indirectly through BDI scores |
NES, Night Eating Syndrome; BED, Binge Eating Disorder; ED, Eating Disorder; BN, Bulimia Nervosa; BE, Binge Eating; AN, Anorexia Nervosa; BMI, Body mass index; EDE, Eating Disorder Examination; EDE-Q, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire; DEBQ-EE, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire—Emotional Eating; EAH, Eating in the Absence of Hunger Questionnaire; YFAS, Yale Food Addiction Scale; NEB, Night Eating Behavior; NEQ, Night Eating Questionnaire; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BES, Binge Eating Scale; QEWP-R, Questionnaire for Eating and Weight Patterns; EMAQ, Emotional Appetite Questionnaire; FIS, Food Insecurity Status; NEDQ, Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire.