Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the study population disaggregated by quartiles of serum uric acid (SUA) according to the CHNS 2009 (females = 4,496).
| Uric acid quartiles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | P Value | |
| Number of subjects | 1130 | 1126 | 1131 | 1109 | |
| Age (year)‡ | 45 (18) | 48 (19) | 52 (21) | 57 (20) | <0.01 |
| Race (%)† | 0.972 | ||||
| Han | 997 (88.7) | 994 (88.4) | 1000 (88.8) | 977 (88.3) | |
| Others | 127 (11.3) | 131 (11.6) | 126 (11.2) | 130 (11.7) | |
| Body mass index (%)† | <0.01 | ||||
| Underweight: <18.5(kg/m2) | 83 (7.4) | 88 (8.0) | 65 (5.8) | 47 (4.3) | |
| Normal: BMI≥18.5 and <24(kg/m2) | 708 (63.3) | 631 (57.1) | 574 (51.5) | 472 (43.2) | |
| Overweight: BMI≥24 and <28(kg/m2) | 264 (23.6) | 306 (27.7) | 359 (32.2) | 362 (33.1) | |
| Obesity: BMI≥28(kg/m2) | 63 (5.6) | 81 (7.3) | 117 (10.5) | 212 (19.4) | |
| Cholesterol(mmol/L)‡ | 4.52 (1.24) | 4.64 (1.27) | 4.95 (1.33) | 5.16 (1.42) | <0.01 |
| Triglyceride(mmol/L)‡ | 0.95 (0.62) | 1.11 (0.76) | 1.33 (1.05) | 1.80 (1.63) | <0.01 |
| Glucose(mmol/L)‡ | 4.92 (0.73) | 5.00 (0.79) | 5.13 (0.86) | 5.37 (1.04) | <0.01 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L)‡ | 73 (11) | 76 (11) | 79 (13) | 84 (17) | <0.01 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L)‡ | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.0 (2.0) | 1.0 (2.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | <0.01 |
| Living location (%)† | <0.01 | ||||
| Urban | 337 (19.8) | 374 (33.2) | 364 (32.2) | 417 (37.6) | |
| Rural | 793 (70.2) | 752 (66.8) | 767 (67.8) | 692 (62.4) | |
| Serum uric acid (mg/dL)‡ | 3.11 (0.54) | 3.93 (0.35) | 4.71 (0.47) | 5.94 (1.11) | <0.01 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d)‡ | 1905 (735) | 1893 (736) | 1923 (715) | 1904 (683) | 0.307 |
| Education (%)† | <0.01 | ||||
| Lower than middle school | 532 (47.2) | 538 (47.8) | 590 (52.2) | 656 (59.2) | |
| Middle school | 376 (33.3) | 336 (29.9) | 308 (27.3) | 266 (24.0) | |
| High school | 112 (9.9) | 131 (11.6) | 110 (9.7) | 86 (7.8) | |
| College and above | 108 (9.6) | 120 (10.7) | 122 (10.8) | 100 (9.0) | |
| Hypertension (%)† | 190 (16.8) | 242 (21.5) | 299 (26.4) | 472 (42.6) | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)‡ | 118.7 (18) | 119.3 (20.7) | 120.0 (26) | 129.3 (26) | <0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)‡ | 77.3 (11.3) | 78.7 (14) | 80 (14.7) | 80 (16) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes (%)† | 18 (1.6) | 21 (1.9) | 22 (1.9) | 56 (5.0) | <0.01 |
| Drinking status (%)† | 0.379 | ||||
| Yes | 98 (8.7) | 90 (8.0) | 113 (10.0) | 94 (8.5) | |
| No | 1032 (91.3) | 1036 (92.0) | 1018 (90.0) | 1015 (91.5) | |
| Ever smoking (%)† | 46 (4.1) | 40 (3.6) | 51 (4.5) | 46 (4.1) | 0.718 |
Data are number of subjects (percentage) or medians (interquartile ranges).
†
The chi-squared test was used to compare the percentage among participants in the different groups.
‡
The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the median values among participants in the different groups.
Uric acid quartiles: Group 1 (SUA ≤ 3.55 mg/dL), Group 2 (3.55 < SUA ≤ 4.29 mg/dL), Group 3 (4.29 < SUA ≤ 5.23 mg/dL), and Group 4 (SUA > 5.23 mg/dL).