Table 2.
Odds ratio* (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for symptoms of depression [nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) ≥ 15], anxiety [seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) ≥ 10], insomnia [Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) ≥ 15], and impulsivity [Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) ≥ 70] according to selected factors, in males and females, separately.
| Total | PHQ-9 (≥15 vs. <15) | GAD-7 (≥10 vs. <10) | ISI (≥15 vs. <15) | BIS-11 (≥70 vs. <70) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | |
| Caring for a person at home | |||||||||
| No | 6,986 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1,191 | 1.75 (1.32–2.31) | 1.28 (1.01–1.63) | 1.43 (1.14–1.79) | 1.49 (1.24–1.79) | 2.12 (1.59–2.83) | 1.19 (0.90–1.58) | 1.38 (1.04–1.82) | 0.96 (0.73–1.26) |
| Apartment dimension (mq) | |||||||||
| >100 | 4,860 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 81–100 | 1,787 | 1.09 (0.83–1.43) | 0.86 (0.68–1.08) | 1.08 (0.88–1.33) | 0.89 (0.75–1.07) | 1.30 (0.98–1.73) | 0.76 (0.57–1.02) | 1.07 (0.83–1.39) | 0.84 (0.64–1.09) |
| ≤80 | 1,530 | 1.31 (1.00–1.73) | 1.23 (0.98–1.55) | 1.18 (0.94–1.47) | 1.17 (0.98–1.41) | 1.16 (0.85–1.58) | 1.05 (0.8–1.38) | 1.02 (0.77–1.35) | 1.27 (0.99–1.63) |
| Balcony livable | |||||||||
| Yes | 5,964 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| No | 2,213 | 1.05 (0.83–1.33) | 1.24 (1.02–1.52) | 0.94 (0.78–1.14) | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) | 1.09 (0.84–1.41) | 1.26 (0.99–1.6) | 1.33 (1.06–1.68) | 1.08 (0.86–1.35) |
| View from apartment | |||||||||
| Green | 3,304 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Buildings | 4,873 | 1.16 (0.92–1.46) | 1.03 (0.85–1.24) | 0.97 (0.82–1.16) | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) | 1.25 (0.97–1.61) | 1.01 (0.81–1.26) | 1.07 (0.86–1.33) | 1.01 (0.82–1.24) |
| Quality indoor score | |||||||||
| High | 3,335 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Medium | 3,560 | 2.09 (1.56–2.80) | 1.37 (1.11–1.70) | 1.52 (1.24–1.86) | 1.45 (1.24–1.69) | 1.36 (1.01–1.83) | 1.57 (1.22–2.02) | 1.18 (0.92–1.51) | 0.99 (0.79–1.23) |
| Poor | 1,282 | 4.75 (3.44–6.57) | 2.62 (2.04–3.37) | 3.08 (2.42–3.93) | 2.25 (1.83–2.76) | 3.05 (2.19–4.26) | 2.01 (1.47–2.75) | 2.25 (1.67–3.03) | 1.40 (1.06–1.86) |
| Worsening in working performance | |||||||||
| None/little | 5,532 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Much/very much | 2,645 | 5.57 (4.42–7.01) | 3.53 (2.94–4.24) | 3.06 (2.58–3.62) | 2.29 (1.98–2.63) | 2.92 (2.29–3.71) | 2.11 (1.7–2.63) | 1.93 (1.56–2.39) | 1.72 (1.40–2.10) |
*
Estimates obtained from multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for age at interview, caring for a person at home, apartment dimension (mq), worsening in working performance, and quality indoor score.
Significant differences are highlighted in bold.